David Range

File:Mawson from Welch Island Dec 26 2008 pjs.jpg

Mawson Station from Welch Island, looking toward the David Range

The David Range ( is a mountain range that extends for in the Framnes Mountains of Mac.Robertson Land in Antarctica.Template:Sfn The range is surrounded by, and largely covered by, an ice sheet. Only the peaks are visible.Template:Sfn Template:Side box

Discovery

The range was first seen by the British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) on the evening of 4 January 1930 as a mirage on the horizon. The peaks of the Masson Range and Casey Range were also visible in the mirage. On 14 February 1931 the range was mapped from the Discovery. Sir Douglas Mawson, named the range for Professor Edgeworth David of the BANZARE committee.Template:Sfn

• Mackay, David, and Mawson at the South Magnetic Pole on 16 January 1909
  Mackay, David, and Mawson at the South Magnetic Pole on 16 January 1909
• RRS Discovery in Antarctica c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  RRS Discovery in Antarctica c. Template:Trim
• Mawson's BANZARE team claim Mac. Robertson Land
  Mawson's BANZARE team claim Mac. Robertson Land

Location

File:Framnes Mountains Satellite Image Map.jpg

1:100,000 satellite image map of the Framnes Mountains. David range peaks are the dark line to the west (left)

The David Range () is west of the Masson Range, which it parallels, in the Framnes Mountains of Antarctica. It extends in a north-northeast–south-southwest direction.Template:Sfn The range is about south of Holme Bay.Template:SfnTemplate:Efn The range lies to the southwest of Mawson Station.Template:Sfn The northern tip of the range is nearly due west of the northern tip of the Masson Range.Template:Sfn The Brown Range (or Sortindane Peaks) is to the south and the Casey Range to the east.Template:Sfn The highest point is the peak of Mount Elliot, at about .Template:Sfn

Appearance

According to the 1960 Sailing Directions for Antarctica

The David Range lies parallel to the Masson Range and about 5 miles to the westward. It is a striking rugged mass stretching southward about 15 miles. It is about 3,500 feet high with the highest elevation in Mount Coates, about 4,600 feet high, near the southern end of the ridge. Mount Hordern, about 4,954 feet high, is a conspicuous mountain lying about 5 miles southward of the Coates massif.Template:Sfn

Geology

The Framnes Mountains have elevations up to above sea level, and rise up to above the ice surface. They have dark, weathered charnockite bedrock that is littered with light-colored quartz-rich, granitic gneiss glacial erratics.Template:Sfn The erratics cover the lower slopes of the David Range and Mount Hordern, but are not found more than about above the present-day ice surface. Above this level the darker charnockite bedrock is exposed. Probably the boulders were transported from the south and deposited by ice during the last glacial maximum, while the exposed bedrock would have remained above the ice.Template:Sfn

Glaciation

The East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) formed about 34 million years ago, and seems to have persisted since then with periodic fluctuations in thickness between glacial and inter-glacial cycles.Template:Sfn During the last glacial cycle the ice sheet thickened more near the coast, less further inland. This is shown by the upper limit of glacial erratic boulders, ranging from on Fang Peak near the sea in the north of David Range, to on Mount Elliot, on Mount Coates and on Mount Hordern, which is about from the sea.Template:Sfn The ice surface appears have lowered by several hundred meters during the present interglacial.Template:Sfn

Today the range has a number of small mountain glaciers.Template:Sfn The David and Masson ranges divide the ice flow in the Framnes Mountains into three outlet glacial streams. Ice surface velocities of per year have been measured in the ice stream to the east of the David Range, and per year in the ice stream to the west.Template:Sfn In the period between January and September 1956 ice in the plateau near the range moved up to .Template:Sfn

Features

File:Framnes Mountains Satellite Image Map David Range.jpg

1997 Satellite image map of David Range

The features are listed from north to south. Descriptions are mostly taken from Geographic Names of the Antarctic (1995).

Mount Parsons

. A prominent pointed peak, , standing in the David Range south-southwest of its north extremity. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from aerial photos taken by the Lan Christensen Expedition in 1936−37. The peak was visited in January 1956 by an ANARE party led by John Bechervaise. Named by ANCA for Neville Parsons. cosmic ray physicist at Mawson Station, 1955.Template:Sfn

Fang Peak

. Fang Peak is about south of Mount Parsons and is high. It is a prominent conical peak, named because its shape resembles a tooth.Template:Sfn The peak emerges from an unusually clear frozen lake. The slopes of the mountain below the ice surface are visible, as are other mountains that are completely covered by the ice.Template:Sfn

In 1959 J C Armstrong, surveyor at Mawson Station, used the peak as an unoccupied trigonometrical station.Template:Sfn In January 2023 a team from the Mawson Mountaineering Club climbed the peak.Template:Sfn

Mount Elliot

. At the mountain is the highest point of the northern ridge of the David Range. Sir Douglas Mawson first saw it from the sea in 1930. It was first climbed in January 1956 by an ANARE party led by J.M. Béchervaise. The peak is named after F.W., Elliott, weather observer at Mawson Station in 1955.Template:Sfn

Mount Lawrence

(. A peak, , just north of Mount Coates in the David Range of the Frammes Mountains, Mac. Robertscm Land. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lan Christensen Expedition, 1936–37. Named by ANCA for J. Lawrence, diesel mechanic, at Mawson Station in 1959. Template:Sfn

Mount Coates

. A peak, , just south of Mount Lawrence in the David Range of the Framnes Mountains. Discovered and named in February 1931 by the BANZARE under Mawson.Template:Sfn Mount Coates is about in altitude. Lichen species found on it include Biatorella antarctica, Lecanora rubina var. melanophthalma f. exulans and Lecisea phillipsiana.Template:Sfn

Hordern Gap

. A gap, wide, between Mount Coates and Mount Hordern in the David Range of the Framnes Mountains. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from aerial photographs taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936-37. This gap was used by ANARE parties in 1957 and 1958 as a route through the range. Named by ANARE for its proximity to Mount Hordern.Template:Sfn The gap was used by an exploration of the route to the Amery Ice Shelf in October 1962 – January 1963, which followed the 1957 route through Hordern Gap and west of Mount Twintop. Near Hordern Gap the tractor train encountered very rough sastrugi.Template:Sfn

Gap Nunatak

. A small nunatak, , standing in the center of Hordern Gap in the David Range, Framnes Mountains. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37, and named Metoppen (the middle peak). Renamed by ANARE for its location in Hordern Gap. Not: Metoppen.Template:Sfn

Mount Hordern

. A peak, , standing south of Mount Coates in the David Range. Discovered in February 1931 by the BANZARE under Mawson, and named for Sir Samuel Horden, a patron of this expedition and the AAE under Mawson, 1911–14.Template:Sfn

Smith Peaks

. A group of peaks standing close south of Mount Hortlem in the David Range of the Framnes Mountains. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from aerial photographs taken by the Lan Christensen Expedition, 1936-37. Remapped by ANARE, 1957–60. and named by ANCA for F.A. Smith, diesel mechanic at Mawson Station, 1957.Template:Sfn

Dunlop Peak

. The southern peak of Smith Peaks. It is about south of Mount Hordern. It is named for R. Dunlop, cosmic ray physicist at Mawson Station in 1959.Template:Sfn

Mount Tritoppen

. A triple-peaked mountain, , standing south of Mount Hordern in the David Range of the Framnes Mountains. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from aerial photographs taken by the Lan Christensen Expedition. 1936–37. and named Tritoppen (the three-peaked mountain). Not: Tritoppen. Tritoppen Peak.Template:Sfn

Bypass Nunatak

. A nunatak about south of Mount Tritoppen in the David Range of the Framnes Mountains. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition (1936–37) and called Steinen (the stone). It was renamed by ANARE because the feature marked the turning point in the route taken by the 1958 ANARE seismic party in order to bypass dangerous terrain to the southwest. Not: Steinen.Template:Sfn

Mount Twintop

. A twin-peaked mountain about south-southwest of Mount Tritoppen in the south part of the David Range, Frarnnes Mountains. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition (1936–37) and named Tvitoppen (the twin peak). The translated form of the name recommended by ANCA has been adopted. Not: Tvitoppen Peak.Template:Sfn Mount Twintop is weathering badly, and no flora have been found on it.Template:Sfn

See also

• Simpson Ridge, a feature nearby Mount Twintop

Sources

• Template:Include-USGov

External links

• David Range on AADC website
• David Range on SCAR website
• images of the David Range
• David Range area satellite image
• David Range area map