Daucus

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox

Daucus is a worldwide genus of herbaceous plants of the celery family Apiaceae of which the best-known species is the cultivated carrot. Daucus has about 45 species.[1] The oldest carrot fossil is 1.3 Ma, and was found on the island of Madeira in the Atlantic Ocean.[2]

Description

Members of Daucus are distinguished within the family Apiaceae by their leaves which are 2–3 pinnatisect with narrow end sections. The genus primarily consists of biennial plants but also includes some annual plants and some perennial herbs. All Daucus have bristly stems. The inflorescences are umbels. The flowers are mostly white, with bracts and bracteoles. The petals may be pure white, reddish, pinkish or yellowish. They are emarginate above and have pointed, wrapped lobules. The petals are often unequal in size, with petals at the outermost edge of the inflorescence often being larger. The fruit is an ovoid to ellipsoidal schizocarp, cylindrical or compressed, with ciliate primary ribs and secondary ribs with a row of hooked spines.[3] Some species have a small pale or white edible taproot, similar to a radish, which may or may not be bitter in taste.

Ecology

Daucus pollination is carried out by insects, primarily: Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera. It is a cosmopolitan genus with endemic species on most continents as well as on many islands and in isolated areas.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". The genus centre is in North Africa and Southwest Asia in the Temperate Zone.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Prolonged dry or cold weather tends to retard growth in Daucus species, but the genus as a whole is evolutionarily adaptive to these conditions.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Some Daucus species accumulate substantial resources in large underground taproots without impeding plant development.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Native to Europe is the carrot, with several subspecies, including subsp. carota (wild carrot), subsp. gummifer (sea carrot) and subsp. sativus, a cultivated form of carrot, also called garden carrot).

Four members of the Daucus genus were examined to determine differences in isoenzyme patterns and plastid DNA. The four were: Daucus carota subspecies sativus cultivar Danvers, D. carota subsp. gummifer, D. capillifolius, and D. pusillus. Although only one form of HSDH (homoserine dehydrogenase) was present in each Daucus line, the rate of migration of HSDH from cv. Danvers was different from that of the others. Multiple isoenzymic forms of ADH were present in each Daucus cultivar. Comparison of endonuclease restriction fragment patterns from plastid DNAs digested by BamHI revealed only small differences between plastid DNAs of cv. Danvers and subsp. gummifer, whereas large differences were observed between cv. Danvers and D. pusillus plastid DNA patterns. No differences were found between cv. Danvers and D. capillifolius plastid DNA patterns when examined using eight different restriction enzymes. The data indicate that specific isoenzyme and organelle DNA restriction fragment patterns will be useful markers for precise identification of genomes of different Daucus species.[4]

Species

45 species are currently accepted.[1]

<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Daucus aleppicus J.ThiébautScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Lebanon and Syria
  • Daucus aureus DesfontainesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – yellow fruit's carrot, golden carrot; Mediterranean basin and Canary Islands
  • Daucus bicolor Sm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Daucus biseriatus Murb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Algeria and Morocco
  • Daucus broteri TenoreScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Brotero's carrot; southeastern Europe to Iran
  • Daucus carota L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – wild carrot, Queen Anne’s lace; Europe, Northern Africa, western and Central Asia, southern China, introduced elsewhere
  • Daucus conchitae GreuterScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Dodecanese and southwestern Turkey
  • Daucus crinitus Desf.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Iberian Peninsula and northwestern Africa
  • Daucus decipiens (Schrad. & J.C.Wendl.) Spalik, Wojew., Banasiak & ReduronScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Madeira
  • Daucus della-cellae (Asch. & Barbey ex E.A.Durand & Barratte) Spalik, Banasiak & ReduronScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Libya
  • Daucus durieua LangeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Durieu's carrot; Canary Islands, Iberian Peninsula, North Africa, Levant
  • Daucus edulis (Lowe) Wojew., Reduron, Banasiak & SpalikScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Madeira and Selvagens
  • Daucus elegans (Webb ex Bolle) Spalik, Banasiak & ReduronScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Canary Islands
  • Daucus glaber (Forssk.) Thell.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – eastern Mediterranean to northern Iran
  • Daucus glochidiatus (Labill.) Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Australia and New Zealand
  • Daucus gracilis Steinh.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Algeria
  • Daucus guttatus Sm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – eastern Mediterranean to Iran
  • Daucus hochstetteri A.Braun ex Engl.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Eritrea and Ethiopia
  • Daucus humilis (Lobin & K.H.Schmidt) Rivas Mart., Lousã, J.C.Costa & Maria C.DuarteScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Cape Verde
  • Daucus incognitus (C.Norman) Spalik, Reduron & BanasiakScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – eastern tropical Africa from Ethiopia to Mozambique
  • Daucus insularis (Parl.) Spalik, Wojew., Banasiak & ReduronScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Cape Verde
  • Daucus involucratus Sm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – southern and eastern Greece to Crete and western and southern Turkey, Cyprus, and central Israel
  • Daucus jordanicus PostScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Libya, and Syria to Jordan
  • Daucus mauritii (Sennen ex Maire) SennenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – northern Morocco
  • Daucus melananthus (Hochst.) Reduron, Spalik & BanasiakScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – central and eastern tropical Africa, Yemen, Madagascar, and South Africa
  • Daucus microscias Bornm. & GaubaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – northern Iraq to northwestern and north-central Iran
  • Daucus minusculus Pau ex Font QuerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Morocco, Portugal, and Sardinia
  • Daucus mirabilis (Maire & Pamp.) Reduron, Banasiak & SpalikScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – northeastern Libya
  • Daucus montanus Humb. & Bonpl. ex Spreng.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Mexico to Central America and the Andes
  • Daucus muricatus (L.) L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Azores and western and central Mediterranean
  • Daucus pedunculatus (Baker f.) Banasiak, Spalik & ReduronScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – eastern tropical Africa from central Ethiopia to Mozambique
  • Daucus pumilus (L.) Hoffmanns. & LinkScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Mediterranean basin and the Canary Islands
  • Daucus pusillus Michx.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (syn. D. arcanus F.García Mart. & SilvestreScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) – American wild carrot; western Canada to northern Mexico and the southeastern US, and southeastern Brazil to southern South America
  • Daucus reboudii Coss. ex Batt.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – northern Algeria and Tunisia
  • Daucus ribeirensis (K.H.Schmidt & Lobin) Rivas Mart., Lousã, J.C.Costa & Maria C.DuarteScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Cape Verde
  • Daucus rouyi Spalik & ReduronScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Corsica, Sardinia, Algeria, and Tunisia
  • Daucus sahariensis Murb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Morocco to Libya and Sinai
  • Daucus setifolius Desf.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – southern Spain and northwestern Africa
  • Daucus setulosus Guss. ex DC.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – southeastern Europe to western Turkey, Syria and Lebanon, and northwestern Libya
  • Daucus subsessilis Boiss.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Cyprus, the Levant, southern Iran, and the northeastern Arabian Peninsula
  • Daucus syrticus Murb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Tunisia, Libya, and northern Egypt
  • Daucus tenuisectus Coss. ex Batt.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – southwestern Morocco
  • Daucus virgatus (Poir.) MaireScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Algeria and Tunisia

Allergenicity

Daucus has an OPALS allergy scale rating of 10 out of 10, indicating extremely high potential to cause allergic reactions.[5]

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ a b Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

The article is based on the following sources:

  • Seybold Siegmund (eds): interactive Schmeil-Fitschen (CD-Rom), Source & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, Template:ISBN
  • Daucus, Flora of China

External links

Template:Taxonbar Template:Authority control

Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Daucus&oldid=5022821"