Cybister
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
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Cybister ('kybistētēr' = diver, tumbler), is a genus of beetle in family Dytiscidae. They are found in much of the world, including all continents except Antarctica.[1][2] As of 2024 there are 98 species and 9 additional subspecies among four subgenera in the genus.[3]
Description
Adult Cybister have broad hind legs with unequal tarsal claws (the inner claw being smaller and sometimes absent) and a fringe on the outer margin of the tarsus.[4] They range in length up to 43 mm (C. bimaculatus from the Afrotropics).[5] Adult males of the North American species have several ridges on the coxae of the hind legs, forming a stridulatory device.[5]
Larvae have a frontal tooth on the head and lack cerci. North American species can grow up to 80 mm long.[4]
Ecology
Cybister live in lentic (still fresh water) habitats that have vegetation.[6]
Like other diving beetles, Cybister are predatory. Larvae of C. japonicus prey on insects (mainly Odonata nymphs and the backswimmer Notonecta triguttata) in their first two instars, while third-instar larvae prey on vertebrates (tadpoles and fish).[7] Larvae of C. rugosus feed on both invertebrates and vertebrates in all instars.[8]
Importance
Cybister chinensis (sometimes misidentified as C. japonicus) is used in a game in Korea. The water beetle game (mul bang gae nori) is played in an oval, water-filled tank with vertical flanges along its inner edge and prizes on the tank rim. The game is played by dropping a C. chinensis through a funnel into the center of the tank, after which it swims towards the edge of the tank and stops in one of the slots formed by the metal flanges. If a prize is above this slot, the player wins it.[9]
The swimming behaviour of C. lateralimarginalis has inspired (biomimetics) the design of a legged underwater robot.[10]
List of species
Subgenus Cybister Curtis, 1827
- Cybister alluaudi Guignot, 1936
- Cybister bengalensis Aubé, 1838
- Cybister buqueti Aubé, 1838
- Cybister cardoni Severin, 1890
- Cybister celebensis Sharp, 1882
- Cybister cephalotes Sharp, 1882
- Cybister chinensis Motschulsky, 1854
- Cybister cinctus Sharp, 1882
- Cybister cognatus Sharp, 1882
- Cybister concessor Guignot, 1947
- Cybister confusus Sharp, 1882
- Cybister crassipes Sharp, 1882
- Cybister crassiusculus Régimbart, 1895
- Cybister dejeanii Aubé, 1838
- Cybister dytiscoides Sharp, 1882
- Cybister ellipticus LeConte, 1852
- Cybister explanatus LeConte, 1852
- Cybister extenuans (Walker, 1858)
- Cybister favareli Guignot, 1936
- Cybister fimbriolatus (Say, 1823)
- Cybister fumatus Sharp, 1882
- Cybister godeffroyi (Wehncke, 1876)
- Cybister gracilis Sharp, 1882
- Cybister gschwendtneri Guignot, 1935
- Cybister guerini Aubé, 1838
- Cybister guignoti Gschwendtner, 1936
- Cybister guignoti pseudosenegalensis Guignot, 1936
- Cybister hypomelas Régimbart, 1892
- Cybister janczyki Mouchamps, 1957
- Cybister javanus Aubé, 1838
- Cybister laevis Falkenström, 1936
- Cybister lateralimarginalis (De Geer, 1774)
- Cybister lateralimarginalis ponticus Sharp, 1882
- Cybister lateralimarginalis torquatus (Fischer von Waldheim, 1829)
- Cybister lewisianus Sharp, 1873
- Cybister limbatus (Fabricius, 1775)
- Cybister loxidiscus Wilke, 1920
- Cybister natalensis (Wehncke, 1876)
- Cybister nebulosus Gschwendtner, 1931
- Cybister occidentalis Aubé, 1838
- Cybister pectoralis Sharp, 1882
- Cybister pederzanii Rocchi, 1979
- Cybister poblanus Arce-Pérez, Novelo-Gutiérrez, & Fery, 2021
- Cybister reichei Aubé, 1838
- Cybister rugosus (W.S.Macleay, 1825)
- Cybister rugulosus (Redtenbacher, 1844)
- Cybister schoutedeni Gschwendtner, 1932
- Cybister semiaciculatus Schaufuss, 1887
- Cybister senegalensis Aubé, 1838
- Cybister straeleni Guignot, 1952
- Cybister tibialis Sharp, 1882
- Cybister tripunctatus (Olivier, 1795)
- Cybister tripunctatus africanus Laporte, 1835
- Cybister tripunctatus lateralis (Fabricius, 1798)
- Cybister tripunctatus temnenkii Aubé, 1838
- Cybister ventralis Sharp, 1882
- Cybister weckwerthi Hendrich, 1997
- Cybister wittmeri Brancucci, 1979
- Cybister yulensis Guignot, 1956
Subgenus Megadytoides Brinck, 1945
- Cybister marginicollis Boheman, 1848
Subgenus Melanectes Brinck, 1945
- Cybister alemon Guignot, 1948
- Cybister aterrimus Régimbart, 1899
- Cybister basilewskyi Guignot, 1950
- Cybister bellicosus Guignot, 1947
- Cybister bimaculatus Aubé, 1838
- Cybister blotei Guignot, 1936
- Cybister brevis Aubé, 1838
- Cybister burgeoni Guignot, 1947
- Cybister convexus Sharp, 1882
- Cybister danxiaensis Jiang, Zhao, Mai, Jia & Hendrich, 2023
- Cybister dehaanii Aubé, 1838
- Cybister desjardinsii Aubé, 1838
- Cybister dissentiens Mouchamps, 1957
- Cybister distinctus Régimbart, 1878
- Cybister ertli Zimmermann, 1917
- Cybister feraudi Guignot, 1934
- Cybister griphodes Guignot, 1942
- Cybister immarginatus Fabricius, 1798)
- Cybister insignis Sharp, 1882
- Cybister insignis caprai Guignot, 1949
- Cybister insignis purpureovirgatus Guignot, 1946
- Cybister irritans (Dohrn, 1875)
- Cybister longulus Gschwendtner, 1932
- Cybister lynceus J.Balfour-Browne, 1950
- Cybister mesomelas Guignot, 1942
- Cybister mocquerysi Régimbart, 1895
- Cybister modestus Sharp, 1882
- Cybister nigrescens Gschwendtner, 1933
- Cybister nigripes Wehncke, 1876
- Cybister operosus Sharp, 1882
- Cybister owas Laporte, 1835
- Cybister papuanus Guignot, 1956
- Cybister pinguis Régimbart, 1895
- Cybister posticus Aubé, 1838
- Cybister procax Guignot, 1947
- Cybister procax vicinatus Mouchamps, 1957
- Cybister prolixus Sharp, 1882
- Cybister semirugosus Harold, 1878
- Cybister siamensis Sharp, 1882
- Cybister smaragdinus Régimbart, 1895
- Cybister sugillatus Erichson, 1834
- Cybister sumatrensis Régimbart, 1883
- Cybister thermolytes Guignot, 1947
- Cybister vicinus Zimmermann, 1917
- Cybister vulneratus Klug, 1834
- Cybister zimmermanni Mouchamps, 1957
Subgenus Neocybister K.B. Miller, Bergsten & Whiting, 2007
- Cybister festae Griffini, 1895
- Cybister puncticollis (Brullé, 1837)
Subgenus unknown
- Cybister parvus Trémouilles, 1984
Fossil species
These seven extinct species are known only from fossils:
- †Cybister agassizi Heer, 1862
- †Cybister atavus Heer, 1862
- †Cybister fractus Riha, 1974
- †Cybister imperfectus Riha, 1974
- †Cybister mancus Riha, 1974
- †Cybister nicoleti Heer, 1862
- †Cybister rotundatus Riha, 1974
References
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