Curtiss 18
Template:Short description Template:Infobox aircraft
The Curtiss 18T, unofficially known as the Wasp and by the United States Navy as the Kirkham,[1] was an early American triplane fighter aircraft designed by Curtiss for the US Navy. It was redesignated Curtiss Model 15 in Curtiss's later rationalization of their model numbering.[2]
Design and development
The Curtiss 18T was intended to protect bombing aircraft over France, and a primary requisite for this job was speed. Speed was not the triplane's only salient feature: an 18T-2 set a new altitude record in 1919 of Template:Cvt.[3] The streamlined and very "clean" fuselage contributed to the aircraft's performance. The basic construction was based on cross-laminated strips of wood veneer formed on a mold and attached to the inner structure. The technique was a refinement of that used on the big Curtiss flying boats.[4]
Operational history
Flown by Roland Rholfs, the 18T achieved a world speed record of Template:Cvt in August 1918 carrying a full military load of Template:Cvt.[5]
The Model 18T-2 was an improved version of its predecessor, with 50 additional horsepower. The wings of the new model were swept back. It was also Template:Cvt longer with a Template:Cvt larger two-bay wing, though its operational ceiling was Template:Cvt lower.
After World War I, it was employed as a racing plane: an 18T-2 nearly won the Curtiss Marine Trophy Race in 1922 (limited to U.S. Navy pilots), but the pilot, Lt. Sanderson ran out of fuel just before the finish line.[6]
Curtiss Engineering followed the Model 18T with the Model 18B, unofficially known as the "Hornet", built to otherwise similar specifications.
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Variants
- Model 18T or 18T-1
- Two-seat fighter triplane with single-bay wings, powered by a Template:Cvt Curtiss K-12 piston engine. Referred to by the US Navy as the "Kirkham". Originally designated 18T, the type was redesignated the 18T-1 when the prototype was modified to a new configuration designated 18T-2 (see below).
- Model 18T-2
- 18T with longer-span two-bay wings. Could be fitted with floatplane or landplane landing gear.
- Model 18B
- Biplane fighter version, known unofficially as the "Hornet". Sole flying prototype of Curtiss 18B, USAAS 40058, 'P-86', crashed early in flight trials at McCook Field, Dayton, Ohio, summer 1919. Type not ordered into production. One non-flying prototype also delivered for static testing.[7] Redesignated Model 15A[2]
Operators
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Specifications (18T-1 Wasp)
Data from Curtiss Aircraft 1907–1947[2]
General characteristics
- Crew: 2Template:Aircraft specs/lengthTemplate:Aircraft specs/lengthTemplate:Aircraft specs/lengthTemplate:Aircraft specs/lengthTemplate:Aircraft specs/lengthTemplate:Aircraft specs/lengthTemplate:Aircraft specs/lengthTemplate:Aircraft specs/lengthTemplate:Aircraft specs/lengthTemplate:Aircraft specs/convertTemplate:Aircraft specs/convertTemplate:Aircraft specs/convert
- Airfoil: Sloane[8]Template:Aircraft specs/convertTemplate:Aircraft specs/convertTemplate:Aircraft specs/convertTemplate:Aircraft specs/convertTemplate:Aircraft specs/engTemplate:Aircraft specs/engTemplate:Aircraft specs/engTemplate:Aircraft specs/lengthTemplate:Aircraft specs/convert
- Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch propellerTemplate:Aircraft specs/length
PerformanceTemplate:Aircraft specs/speedTemplate:Aircraft specs/speedTemplate:Aircraft specs/speedTemplate:Aircraft specs/speedTemplate:Aircraft specs/speedTemplate:Aircraft specs/rangeTemplate:Aircraft specs/rangeTemplate:Aircraft specs/range
- Endurance: 5 hours 54 minutesTemplate:Aircraft specs/convertTemplate:Aircraft specs/convert
- Time to altitude: Template:Cvt in 10 minutesTemplate:Aircraft specs/convertTemplate:Aircraft specs/convertTemplate:Aircraft specs/convertTemplate:Aircraft specs/convert
Armament
- Guns:
- Primary: 2 × forward-firing synchronized Template:Cvt Marlin Rockwell M1917/M1918 machine-guns
- Secondary: 2 × Template:Cvt Lewis guns on a Scarff ring in the rear-cockpit plus 1 × Lewis gun firing through an aperture in the aircraft's bellyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Notes
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- ↑ PART 2 Test of Strength 1917-1919 Script error: No such module "webarchive". Retrieved: 13 January 2011.
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Naval investigation, hearings before the subcommittee of the Committee on Naval Affairs. Washington: United States Senate, 66th Congress, 2d session, 1921. Retrieved: 13 January 2011.
- ↑ "Curtiss # to J." aerofiles.com. Retrieved: 13 January 2011.
- ↑ "Aviation History Facts: August 1." Script error: No such module "webarchive". Centennial of Flight, 2003. Retrieved: 13 January 2011.
- ↑ Berliner, Don. "A Concise History of Air Racing." Society of Air Racing Historians, 9 January 2007. Retrieved: 13 January 2011.
- ↑ Green, William, and Swanborough, Gordon, "Fighter A To Z", Air International, Bromley, Kent, UK, February 1976, Volume 10, Number 2, page 98.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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Bibliography
- Angelucci, Enzo and Peter Bowers. The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft from 1917 to the Present. New York: Orion Books, 1985. Template:ISBN.
- Bowers, Peter M. Curtiss Aircraft 1907–1947. London: Putnam, 1979. Template:ISBN.
- "The Curtiss Model 18-T Triplane." Flight, Volume XI, Issue 22, No. 544, 29 May 1919, pp. 698–700.
- "The Curtiss Model 18-B Biplane." Volume XI, Issue 28, No. 550, 10 July 1919, pp. 902–904.
- Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. The Complete Book of Fighters. New York: Salamander, 1994. Template:ISBN.
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External links
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