Cupaniopsis
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
Cupaniopsis is a genus of about 45 species of flowering plants in the family, Sapindaceae and are native to Fiji, Indonesia, New Caledonia, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands Vanuatu, Samoa, Torres Strait Islands, Micronesia and Australia.[1] Plants in the genus Cupaniopsis are trees with paripinnate with small, regular flowers with 5 sepals and petals with 6 to 10 stamens and the fruit a capsule.
Description
Plants in the genus Cupaniopsis are trees, either monoecious or diecious with paripinnate leaves arranged in opposite pairs or alternately along the branches, the flowers arranged in leaf axils in raceme-like or panicle-like groups. The flowers are small, have 5 sepals and 5 petals with 6 to 10 stamens, the ovary usually with 3 locules. The fruit is an oval to more or less spherical, slightly fleshy capsule. The seed is elliptical with a thin, cup-shaped aril that usually nearly encloses the seed.[2][3]
Taxonomy
The genus Cupaniopsis was first formally described in 1879 by Ludwig Adolph Timotheus Radlkofer in the journal Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der Königlichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Munchen.[4] The first species he named, the type species, was Cupaniopsis anacardioides. The genus name (Cupaniopsis) means a 'resemblance to the genus Cupania', in turn, named after the Italian monk, Francesco Cupani.[5]
Species list
The following is a list of Cupaniopsis species accepted by Plants of the World Online as at August 2024:[1]
- Cupaniopsis acuticarpa Template:Au (New Guinea)
- Cupaniopsis amoena Template:Au (Fiji)
- Cupaniopsis anacardioides Template:Au – tuckeroo, cashew-leaf cupania, carrotwood, beach tamarind, green-leaved tamarind (New Guinea, N.S.W., N.T., Qld., W.A.)
- Cupaniopsis apiocarpa Template:Au (New Caledonia)
- Cupaniopsis azantha Template:Au (New Caledonia)
- Cupaniopsis baileyana Template:Au – narrow-leaved tuckeroo, toothed tuckeroo, white tamarind (N.S.W., Qld.)
- Cupaniopsis bilocularis Template:Au (New Guinea)
- Cupaniopsis bullata Template:Au (New Guinea)
- Cupaniopsis celebica Template:Au Sulawesi
- Cupaniopsis chytradenia Template:Au (New Caledonia)
- Cupaniopsis cooperorum Template:Au – Cooper's puzzle (Qld.)
- Cupaniopsis crassivalvis Template:Au (New Caledonia)
- Cupaniopsis curvidens Template:Au (New Guinea)
- Cupaniopsis dallachyi Template:Au (Qld.)
- Cupaniopsis diploglottoides Template:Au – velvet tamarind (Qld.)
- Cupaniopsis euneura Template:Au (New Guinea)
- Cupaniopsis flagelliformis Template:Au – brown tuckeroo, weeping flower tamarind (Qld., N.S.W.),
- Cupaniopsis fleckeri Template:Au (Qld.)
- Cupaniopsis foveolata Template:Au (Qld.)
- Cupaniopsis grisea Template:Au (New Caledonia)
- Cupaniopsis hypodermatica Template:Au (New Caledonia)
- Cupaniopsis kajewskii Template:Au (Solomon Islands)
- Cupaniopsis leptobotrys Template:Au (Fiji, Vanuatu)
- Cupaniopsis mackeeana Template:Au (New Caledonia)
- Cupaniopsis macrocarpa Template:Au (New Caledonia)
- Cupaniopsis macropetala Template:Au (New Guinea)
- Cupaniopsis megalocarpa Template:Au (New Caledonia)
- Cupaniopsis napaensis Template:Au (New Guinea)
- Cupaniopsis newmanii Template:Au – long-leaved tuckeroo(Qld., N.S.W.)
- Cupaniopsis papillosa Template:Au – Tully Falls tamarind (Qld.)
- Cupaniopsis petiolulata Template:Au (New Caledonia)
- Cupaniopsis phalacrocarpa Template:Au (New Caledonia)
- Cupaniopsis phanerophlebia Template:Au (New Guinea)
- Cupaniopsis platycarpa Template:Au (New Guinea)
- Cupaniopsis rhytidocarpa Template:Au (New Guinea)
- Cupaniopsis serrata Template:Au (Qld., N.S.W.) – smooth tuckeroo (N.S.W., Qld.)
- Cupaniopsis shirleyana Template:Au – wedge-leaved tuckeroo (Qld.)
- Cupaniopsis simulata Template:Au – northern tuckeroo (Qld.)
- Cupaniopsis stenopetala Template:Au (New Guinea, Maluku Islands)
- Cupaniopsis strigosa Template:Au (Sulawesi)
- Cupaniopsis sylvatica Template:Au (New Caledonia)
- Cupaniopsis tomentella Template:Au (Qld.)
- Cupaniopsis trigonocarpa Template:Au (New Caledonia)
- Cupaniopsis vitiensis Template:Au (Fiji)
- Cupaniopsis wadsworthii Template:Au (Qld.)
In 1991 a 190-page monograph of the genus was published by Dutch botanist Frits Adema.[6]
Australian botanist Sally T. Reynolds, from 1984 to 1991 published new formal scientific names, descriptions, updates and species clarifications, in her scientific journal articles[7][8] and the Flora of Australia treatment.[2]
Conservation status
Globally, the New Caledonian endemic species C. crassivalvis has become extinct according to the IUCN's 1998 assessment.[9]
In Australia, C. shirleyana[10] and C. tomentella[11] are listed as "vulnerable" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and C. cooperorum is listed as "vulnerable" under the Queensland Government Nature Conservation Act.[12] C. newmannii is listed as "near threatened" under the same Act.[13] C. serrata is listed as "endangered" in New South Wales under the Biodiversity Conservation Act.[3]
Invasive species
C. anacardioides has been introduced into the United States, where in some parts they are invasive plants, primarily in Florida and Hawaii, where the common name carrotwood applies.[14]
References
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