Kunza language
Template:Short description Template:Expand language Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox/styles-images.css" />Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".
Kunza (Template:Langx) is a mostly extinct language isolate spoken in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile and southern Peru by the Atacama people, who have since shifted to Spanish. The last speaker was documented in 1949; however, it has since been learned that the language is still spoken in the desert.[1]
Other names and spellings include Cunza, Ckunsa, Script error: No such module "Lang"., Lipe, Ulipe, and Atacameño. The word Script error: No such module "Lang". means 'our' in Kunza.[2]
History
The language was spoken in northern Chile, specifically in the Chilean villages of Peine, Socaire (near the Salar de Atacama), and Caspana, and in southern Peru.
The last Kunza speaker was found in 1949, although there are reports of some having been found in 1953 according to anthropologists.[3] There are 2,000 Atacameños (W. Adelaar).
Unattested varieties listed by Loukotka (1968):
- Atacameño of Bolivia – spoken in a small village on the frontier of Potosí Department, Bolivia, and Antofagasta Province of Chile
- Lipe (Olipe) – extinct language once spoken south of the Salar de Uyuni, Potosí Department, Bolivia
A revitalization effort was initiated in the 21st century.[4]
Classification
Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". Kaufman (1990) found a proposed connection between Kunza and the likewise unclassified Kapixaná to be plausible; however, the language was more fully described in 2004, and the general consensus among linguists was that both languages are isolates.Template:Fact
Language contact
Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Mochika, Kandoshi, Jaqi, Kechua, Mapudungun, and Uru-Chipaya language families due to contact.[5]
Phonology
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | sibilantScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||||||
| Nasal | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | ||||||
| Stop/ Affricate |
voiceless | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link |
| ejective | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | ||
| voiced | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | ||||||
| Approximant | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | |||||
| Trill | Template:IPA link | |||||||
See also
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
External links
- Kunza Swadesh vocabulary list (from Wiktionary's Swadesh list appendix)
- Spanish-Kunza dictionary online
- Bibliography about Kunza
- Alain Fabre, 2005, Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos: KUNZA[1]
- Kunza (Intercontinental Dictionary Series)
Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Language families Template:South American languages