Cryptobranchoidea
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
The Cryptobranchoidea are a suborder of salamanders found in Asia, European Russia, and the United States. They are known as primitive salamanders, in contrast to Salamandroidea, the advanced salamanders.[1] It has two living subdivisions, Cryptobranchidae (Asian giant salamanders and hellbenders), and Hynobiidae, commonly known as Asian salamanders.
Giant salamanders are obligate paedomorphs with partial metamorphosis,[2] but Asiatic salamander goes through a full metamorphosis. The only known exceptions are the Longdong stream salamander, which has been documented as facultatively neotenic, and the Ezo salamander, where a now assumed extinct population from Lake Kuttarush in Hokkaido had neotenic traits like gills in adults.[3]
The oldest members of the group are known from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) aged Yanliao Biota of China.[4]
Taxonomy
This suborder contains only two families at present. All other members are extinct and are only known as fossils.
- Template:ExtinctChunerpeton Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) (neotenic) (Note that this taxon has alternatively been recovered outside of Cryptobranchoidea[5] or even outside Urodela[6])
- Template:ExtinctJeholotriton Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) (neotenic)
- Template:ExtinctPangerpeton Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)
- Template:ExtinctNesovtriton Bissekty Formation, Uzbekistan, Late Cretaceous (Turonian)
- Template:ExtinctIridotriton Morrison Formation, United States, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
- Template:ExtinctKiyatriton Itat Formation, Russia, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) Ilek Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Barremian-Aptian) (Presumed to be a cryptobranchoid)
- Template:ExtinctLaccotriton Fengshan fossil bed, China, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
- Template:ExtinctSinerpeton Fengshan fossil bed, China, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
- Cryptobranchidae (Late Cretaceous-Recent)
- Panhynobia[4]
- Template:ExtinctLiaoxitriton Jiufotang Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
- Template:ExtinctLinglongtriton Tiaojishan Formation, China, Late Jurassic (Oxfordian)
- Template:ExtinctNeimengtriton Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)
- Template:ExtinctRegalerpeton Dabeigou Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian)
- Template:ExtinctNuominerpeton Longjiang Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
- Hynobiidae (Miocene-Recent)
References
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