Coryphantha

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Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox

Coryphantha (from Greek, "flowering on the top"), or beehive cactus, is a genus of small to middle-sized, globose or columnar cacti. The genus is native to arid parts of Central America, Mexico, through Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas and north into southwestern, central, and southeastern Montana. With its two subgenera, 57 species and 20 subspecies, it is one of the largest genera of cactus.[1]

Description

There are four characteristics that distinguish Coryphantha from other cacti.

  1. Their bodies do not have ribs, just tubercles.[2]
  2. The flowers form at the top of the plant (the apex or growing end of the stem).[1]
  3. The tip (podarium) of each flowering tubercle has three parts, the spiny areole, the groove and the axil. Without the groove it is not a Coryphantha.[1]
  4. The seed coat (or testa) has a net-like pattern (reticulate).[3]

More than many other cacti, the Coryphantha change in their appearance over their lifespan.[4] The presence or absence of a central spine is not indicative of the genus, even in fully adult plants.[4]

Name

The name Coryphantha was first applied by George Engelmann in 1856 as a subgenus,[5] the earlier name Aulacothele of Lemaire having been abandoned.[6] In 1868 Lemaire promoted the group to genus level.[5][6] Before this all Coryphantha had been classified as Mammillaria.

Species

Image Scientific name Subspecies Distribution
File:Coryphantha ancistracantha Haage.jpg Coryphantha clavata (Scheidw.) Backeb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Coryphantha clavata subsp. clavata
  • Coryphantha clavata subsp. stipitata (Scheidw.) Dicht & A.LüthyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 Mexico
File:Coryphanta compacta.jpg Coryphantha compacta (Engelm.) OrcuttScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico (to Sonora)
File:Coryphantha radians.jpg Coryphantha cornifera (DC.) Lem.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico
File:Coryphantha gladiispina SB711.jpg Coryphantha delaetiana (Quehl) A.BergerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico.
File:Coryphantha palmeri 22.JPG Coryphantha delicata L.BremerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico.
File:Coryphantha dificilis (5660193255).jpg Coryphantha difficilis (Quehl) OrcuttScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí)
File:Coryphantha durangensis (5730508551).jpg Coryphantha durangensis (Runge ex K.Schum.) Britton & RoseScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Coryphantha durangensis subsp. cuencamensis (L.Bremer) Dicht & A.LüthyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Coryphantha durangensis subsp. durangensis
 Mexico (Durango, Coahuila).
File:Coryphantha echinoidea (5766065352).jpg Coryphantha echinoidea (Quehl) Britton & RoseScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico
Coryphantha echinus (Engelm.) Britton & RoseScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Central Texas to NE. Mexico
File:CactiFlowers.jpg Coryphantha elephantidens (Lem.) Lem.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Coryphantha elephantidens subsp. bumamma (Ehrenb.) Dicht & A.LüthyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Coryphantha elephantidens subsp. elephantidens
  • Coryphantha elephantidens subsp. greenwoodii (Bravo) Dicht & A.LüthyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 Mexico.
File:Coryphantha erecta.JPG Coryphantha erecta (Lem. ex Pfeiff.) Lem.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico (to Veracruz)
File:Coryphantha villarensis Haage.jpg Coryphantha georgii Boed.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico.
Coryphantha glanduligera (Otto & A.Dietr.) Lem.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico (to Jalisco).
File:Coryphantha glassii (5742180867).jpg Coryphantha glassii Dicht & A.LüthyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico (Guanajuato, San Luis Potosí).
Coryphantha gracilis Bremer & A.B.LauScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico (Chihuahua).
File:Coryphantha hintoniorum.jpg Coryphantha hintoniorum Dicht & A.LüthyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Coryphantha hintoniorum subsp. geoffreyi Dicht & A.LüthyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Coryphantha hintoniorum subsp. hintoniorum
 Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí)
File:Coryphantha jalpanensis longispina.jpg Coryphantha jalpanensis BuchenauScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico (Querétaro to Hidalgo)
File:Coryphantha kracikii.jpg Coryphantha kracikii Halda, Chalupa & KupčákScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico (Durango)
Coryphantha longicornis Boed.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico (Coahuila, Chihuahua, Durango)
File:Coryphantha maiz-tablasensis.jpg Coryphantha maiz-tablasensis Fritz Schwarz ex Backeb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico (to Jalisco)
File:Coryphantha neglecta.jpg Coryphantha neglecta L.BremerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León).
File:Coryphantha nickelsiae KŠ 33 (9913391355).jpg Coryphantha nickelsiae (K.Brandegee) Britton & RoseScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Texas to Mexico (Coahuila, Tamaulipas, Nuevo León)
File:Coryphantha octacantha (5776826539).jpg Coryphantha octacantha (DC.) Britton & RoseScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico (to Jalisco).
File:Coryphantha ottonis 1e.jpg Coryphantha ottonis (Pfeiff.) Lem.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico.
File:2010. Выставка цветов в Донецке на день города 40.jpg Coryphantha pallida Britton & RoseScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico (Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca)
File:Coryphantha poselgeriana-IMG 2436.JPG Coryphantha poselgeriana (A.Dietr.) Britton & RoseScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico.
File:Coryphantha potosiana 02.jpg Coryphantha potosiana (Jacobi) Glass & R.A.FosterScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico (Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas)
File:Coryphantha pseudoechinus? (5700361034).jpg Coryphantha pseudoechinus Boed.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Coryphantha pseudoechinus subsp. laui (L.Bremer) Dicht & A.LüthyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Coryphantha pseudoechinus subsp. pseudoechinus
 Mexico.
Coryphantha pseudonickelsiae Backeb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico (Durango, Chihuahua, Coahuila)
Coryphantha pulleineana (Backeb.) GlassScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico (Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí)
File:Coryphantha pycnacantha (9328591043).jpg Coryphantha pycnacantha (Mart.) Lem.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico.
File:Coryphantha ramillosa.jpg Coryphantha ramillosa CutakScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Coryphantha ramillosa subsp. ramillosa
  • Coryphantha ramillosa subsp. santarosa Dicht & A.LüthyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 SW. Texas to NE. Mexico
File:Coryphantha recurvata 1e.jpg Coryphantha recurvata (Engelm.) Britton & RoseScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Coryphantha recurvata subsp. canatlanensis Dicht & A.LüthyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Coryphantha recurvata subsp. recurvata
 Arizona to Mexico (Sonora)
File:Coryphantha retusa (5739317510).jpg Coryphantha retusa (Pfeiff.) Britton & RoseScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico (Puebla, Oaxaca)
File:Pima Pineapple Cactus Cluster Sahuarita Arizona 2014.jpg Coryphantha robustispina (Schott ex Engelm.) Britton & RoseScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Coryphantha robustispina subsp. robustispina
  • Coryphantha robustispina subsp. scheeri (Lem.) N.P.TaylorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 Arizona to SW. New Mexico and Mexico (Sonora)
File:Coryphantha salinensis.jpg Coryphantha salinensis (Poselg.) Dicht & A.LüthyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". . Mexico
File:Coryphantha sulcata, Dana Peak Park, Bell County, Texas 1.jpg Coryphantha sulcata (Engelm.) Britton & RoseScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Texas to Mexico (Coahuila, Tamualipas, Nuevo León)
File:Coryphantha tripugionacantha.jpg Coryphantha tripugionacantha A.B.LauScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico (Zacatecas, Jalisco)
Coryphantha vaupeliana Boed.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico (Tamaulipas, Durango, Zacatecas)
File:Coryphantha vogtherriana 01.jpg Coryphantha vogtherriana Werderm. & Boed.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico (Jalisco to San Luis Potosí)
File:Coryphantha werdermannii 1e.jpg Coryphantha werdermannii Boed.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico (Coahuila, Chihuahua, Durango)
Coryphantha wohlschlageri HolzeisScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mexico (Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí)

Synonymy

The genus has two valid synonyms:

and three invalid ones:

  • Aulacothele Monv. (nom. inval.)
  • Glandulifera (Salm-Dyck) Fric (nom. inval.)
  • Roseia Fric (nom. inval.)

Related genera

A number of Coryphantha have previously been classified in other genera, indeed the type species C. sulcata was originally named Mammillaria sulcata[7] Other examples include Echinocactus salinensis Poselger 1853 now Coryphantha salinensis (Poselger) Dicht and A.Lüthy 1998[8] and Neolloydia pulleineana Blackberg 1948 now Coryphantha pulleineana (Blackberg) Glass 1968.[9]

Similarly, a number of other species have been previously classified as Coryphantha. For example, Escobaria vivipara was called Coryphantha vivipara.[10]

Gallery

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References

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External links

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  1. ↑ a b c Dicht, Reto F. and Lüthy, Adrian D. (2005) Coryphantha: Cacti of Mexico and Southern USA. Springer, Berlin, p. 1, Template:ISBN
  2. ↑ Dicht, Reto F. and Lüthy, Adrian D. (2005) "3.2 Tubercles" Coryphantha: Cacti of Mexico and Southern USA. Springer, Berlin, pp. 9–12, Template:ISBN
  3. ↑ Dicht, Reto F. and Lüthy, Adrian D. (2005) "3.7 Seeds" Coryphantha: Cacti of Mexico and Southern USA. Springer, Berlin, p. 17-20, Template:ISBN
  4. ↑ a b Dicht, Reto F. and Lüthy, Adrian D. (2005) Coryphantha: Cacti of Mexico and Southern USA. Springer, Berlin, p. 2, Template:ISBN
  5. ↑ a b c d Anderson, Edward F. (2001) "Coryphantha" The Cactus Family. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, p. 186, Template:ISBN
  6. ↑ a b Dicht, Reto F. and Lüthy, Adrian D. (2005) Coryphantha: Cacti of Mexico and Southern USA. Springer, Berlin, p. 23, Template:ISBN
  7. ↑ Britton, Nathaniel Lord and Brown, Addison (1913) An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British possessions, from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian (2nd edition) Scribner, New York, pp. 1–3, Template:OCLC
  8. ↑ Dicht, Reto F. and Lüthy, Adrian D. (1998) "Im Feld wiederaufgefunden: Coryphantha salinensis (Poselger) Kakteen und andere Sukkulenten 49(11): pp. 256ff., in German
  9. ↑ Glass, Charles (1968) "Cactaceas Mexicanas Poco conocidas" Cactaceas y Suculentas Mexicanas 2: pp. 34ff., in Spanish
  10. ↑ Hunt, David R. and Benson, Lyman (1976) "The lectotype of Coryphantha". Cactus and Succulent Journal (U.S.) 48: pp. 72ff.
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