Common shiner
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The common shiner (Luxilus cornutus) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, the shiners, daces and minnows.[1] This fish is found in North America. It ranges in length between Script error: No such module "convert"., although they can reach lengths of up to Script error: No such module "convert"..[2]
Description
The common shiner is silvery colored (sometimes bronze) and has an "olive back with a dark dorsal stripe." [3]
The common shiner is a freshwater fish found in North America. Adults inhabit rocky pools in small to medium rivers. They can live to be approximately 6 years old.[4]
They are considered sexually mature by Script error: No such module "convert"..[4] Breeding males have a pinkish tint over most of their body and small bumps or tubercles on their head.[5]
In comparison with Notropis, the common shiner's head, eyes, and mouth are large.[2]
Life history
The common shiner can be found in cool clear creeks and small to medium rivers, usually in the faster pools near riffles Script error: No such module "Unsubst". and in the shallow littoral of ponds and lakes.[3] They usually concentrate on pools. Its preferred water temperature is Script error: No such module "convert"..Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
The common shiner reaches sexual maturity by 1–2 years of age, and produces between 400 and 4000 eggs per year. Common shiners spawn in spring between May and June, at temperatures of Script error: No such module "convert".. Common shiners often spawn over the nest of a creek chub, river chub, or fallfish, although some males will make their own small nests. Gravel in riffles is also possible.[2] Spawning males are territorial and will often engage in fights with other males.[6] Once the eggs are ready the male guards the nesting site.[3]
Common shiners are known to hybridize with other shiner species.[2]
Common shiners live for about 4–6 years.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Diet
The common shiner eats "terrestrial and aquatic insects, vegetation, and other fishes." [3]
Predators
Predators of the common shiner include fish (such as the smallmouth bass and chain pickerel) and birds (i.e. mergansers and kingfishers). [3]
References
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