Clementine Hall

File:Obama Clementine Hall 2009.jpg

President Barack Obama escorted through the Clementine Hall after his meeting with Pope Benedict XVI.

The Clementine Hall, called the , is a hall of the Apostolic Palace near St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City. It was established in the 16th century by Pope Clement VIII in honor of St Clement, the third successor of St. Peter. The Clementine Hall is covered in Renaissance frescoes and valuable works of art. It is used by the pope as a reception room and in some cases, site of various ceremonies and rituals. The Clementine Hall is the chamber in which the body of the pope lies for private visitation by officials of the Vatican upon death, as happened during the funeral of Pope John Paul II. The pope's body is then traditionally moved from the Clementine Hall and ceremonially carried across St. Peter's Square to St. Peter's Basilica or the Basilica of San Giovanni in Laterano.

Design

The , Clementine Hall, was commissioned by Pope Clement VIII in honor of his predecessor St Clement, the third in line as pope after St. Peter.Template:Sfn It was constructed as part of the Apostolic Palace to the design of architect Domenico Fontana. The hall was originally envisaged as a series of rooms encompassing three floors, but Fontana's successor, Taddeo Landini, instead took away the second and third stories to create the hall.Template:Sfn The brothers Cherubino and Giovanni were contracted in 1596 to complete the frescos that adorn the ceiling and walls. The ceiling was completed in 1600 and the walls in 1602.Template:Sfn

Description

The Clementine Hall measures Template:Convert. It is lit by two windows that are mounted high up on the walls.Template:Sfn It is illustrated with Renaissance frescoes.Template:Sfn The vault is covered in a fresco by Giovanni Alberti titled “The Apotheosis of St. Clement", which includes a kneeling St Clement surrounded by angels. The vault includes examples of illusionistic ceiling painting, including quadratatura and di sotto in sù.The long walls have a high dado that is encrusted with marbles.Template:Sfn Along one the walls are figures representing the cardinal, faced by the theological virtues lining the other wall, although Charity is replaced by Heroism, representing the attributes of martyrdom.Template:Sfn On one of the short walls, above the doors, appears the fresco "The Martyrdom of St Clement" by the Dutch painter Paul Bril.Template:Sfn In it, the saint is shown being thrown off a ship with an anchor tied to his neck. The other wall has the frescos "The Baptism of St. Clement" and "Allegory of Art and Science".Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Although the latter is by the Alberti brothers, the other frescos on the walls are the work of Cherubino Alberti and Baldassare Croce, Giovani having died in 1601 before the work was complete.Template:Sfn

Use

Used as a reception room by the pope, the Clementine Hall also performs a number of ceremonial functions.Template:Sfn It is frequently used for state visits, including one on 4 June 2004, in which President of the United States George W. Bush presented Pope John Paul II with the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Often visitors will wait in the Hall for an audience with the pope, watched over by Swiss Guards.Template:Sfn The Swiss Guard have been posted in the hall since before 1758.Template:Sfn

The Clementine Hall is the chamber in which the body of the pope lies for private visitation by officials upon death. The body can be exposed to high temperatures as the room is not air conditioned and it is therefore often lightly embalmed to preserve its features.Template:Sfn For the funeral of Pope John Paul II, the pope's body was laid in state from 3 to 4 April 2005, after which it was processed across St. Peter's Square to St. Peter's Basilica for public visitation until the funeral on 8 April.Template:Sfn