Citrus macroptera
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Citrus macroptera, commonly known as cabuyao,[1] Melanesian papeda,[2] or wild orange,[3] is a semi-wild species of citrus native to the Malesian ecoregion (Island Southeast Asia and Melanesia).[4]
Some authorities consider C. macroptera to be a taxonomic synonym of C. hystrix (kaffir lime),[5] while others consider C. macroptera var. annamensis to be a synonym of C. hystrix, but not C. macroptera var. macroptera.[6]
Citrus macroptera is cultivated widely in the Sylhet region (South Asia) of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley Division of the Indian state of Assam, where it is known as hatkhora (Template:Langx, Script error: No such module "IPA".).[4]
Description
Citrus macroptera is so-named because of the large "wings" (-ptera) on the petiole, which is as large as the blade of the leaf.[3] The tree, which has thorns, can reach Template:Cvt in height. Its fruit is about Template:Cvt in diameter, has a fairly smooth, moderately thick rind, and is yellow when ripe. The pulp of the fruit is greenish-yellow and dry (does not produce much juice). The juice is very bitter, and somewhat sour.[3]
Varieties
The species is sometimes divided into four varieties, or alternatively into three separate species, as follows:[6]
- C. macroptera var. macroptera
- C. macroptera var. annamensis Tanaka -> C. combara Raf.
- C. macroptera var. combara (Raf.) Tanaka -> C. combara Raf.
- C. macroptera var. kerrii Swingle -> C. kerrii (Swingle) Tanaka
Cultivation
Citrus macroptera is cultivated widely in the Sylhet region (South Asia) of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley Division of the Indian state of Assam, where it is known as hatkhora or (Template:Langx, Script error: No such module "IPA".).[4]
Citrus macroptera is cultivated on a small scale in home gardens in the northeast Indian states of Mizoram, Tripura, and Meghalaya, where its fruit is used for various purposes.[7] A cultivar of C. macroptera var. annamensis is grown in the Sylhet Division of northeastern Bangladesh.[8]
Citrus macroptera is also commercially cultivated in South Africa, Spain, and Tonga. In Spain the plant serves as a rootstock for other Citrus species.[1]
Uses
Culinary uses
In Bangladesh, especially Sylhet, the thick fleshy rind of Citrus macroptera is eaten as a vegetable, while the pulp is usually discarded because of its bitter-sour taste. The thick rind is cut into small pieces and cooked (either green or ripe) in beef, mutton, and fish curries, it is also used in Dal. The rind is often sun-dried for later cooking and consumption. The fruit is also pickled.
Perfumery
The oil of the annamensis cultivar is used in the perfume industry.[8]
See also
- Bangladeshi cuisine
- Beef Hatkora
- Citrus latipes a similar-looking species native to Northeast India
References
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- ↑ a b Peter Hanelt (ed.) 2001 Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops (except ornamentals), first English edition. Springer. in Google Books
- ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
- ↑ a b c Harley I. Manner, Richard S. Buker, Virginia Easton Smith, Deborah Ward, and Craig R. Elevitch 2006. Species profiles for Pacific Island agroforestry: Citrus (citrus) and Fortunella (kumquat), Rutaceae (Rue family). pdf
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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- ↑ a b Porcher Michel H. et al. 1995–2020 (2007). Sorting Citrus Names: Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (M.M.P.N.D) - A Work in Progress. School of Agriculture and Food Systems. Faculty of Land & Food Resources. The University of Melbourne. Australia. [1]
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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External links
- USDA PLANTS profile Script error: No such module "webarchive".