Cinnyris

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File:Palestine sunbird (Cinnyris osea osea) male.jpg
Male Palestine sunbird (Cinnyris osea osea)
File:Souimanga sunbird (Cinnyris sovimanga apolis) male.jpg
Male Cinnyris sovimanga apolis

Cinnyris is a genus of sunbirds. Its members are sometimes included in Nectarinia. They are generally known as double-collared sunbirds because the fringe of their bib usually includes a band of contrastingly coloured feathers.[1]

The sunbirds are a group of very small Old World passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Flight is fast and direct on their short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed.

Taxonomy

The genus Cinnyris was introduced by the French naturalist Georges Cuvier in 1816.[2] The type species was designated as "Certhia splendida Shaw" by George Robert Gray in 1855.[3] This taxon is a junior synonym of Certhia coccinigaster described by John Latham in 1801. This is now the splendid sunbird.[4][5][6] The name Cinnyris is from the Ancient Greek κιννυρις (kinnyris), an unknown small bird mentioned by Hesychius of Alexandria.[7]

It is suspected that the genus is polyphyletic and the positions of many are unresolved:[8][9]

Species

The genus contains 63 species:[5]

Image Common Name Scientific name Distribution
File:Olive-bellied Sunbird - Kakum NP - Ghana 14 S4E1596 (cropped).jpg Olive-bellied sunbird Cinnyris chloropygius African tropical rainforest
File:Cinnyris minullus, male.jpg Tiny sunbird Cinnyris minullus African tropical rainforest
File:Cinnyris manoensis 15608134, crop.jpg Eastern miombo sunbird Cinnyris manoensis central and eastern Africa
Western miombo sunbird Cinnyris gertrudis western Africa
File:Lesser Double-collared Sunbird - Cinnyris chalybeus (49088533437).jpg Southern double-collared sunbird Cinnyris chalybeus southern Africa
Neergaard's sunbird Cinnyris neergaardi Mozambique and South Africa
Rwenzori double-collared sunbird Cinnyris stuhlmanni south central Africa
Whyte's double-collared sunbird Cinnyris whytei Zambia, Malawi, and Tanzania
Prigogine's double-collared sunbird Cinnyris prigoginei Democratic Republic of the Congo
File:Ludwig-s Double-collared Sunbird.jpg Ludwig's double-collared sunbird Cinnyris ludovicensis Angola, northern Malawi, and northeastern Zambia
File:Northern double-collared sunbird (Cinnyris reichenowi preussi) male.jpg Northern double-collared sunbird Cinnyris reichenowi Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Sudan, and Uganda
File:Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, Cape Town, South Africa (Unsplash).jpg Greater double-collared sunbird Cinnyris afer southern South Africa
File:Nectarinia regia.jpg Regal sunbird Cinnyris regius Uganda to Tanzania
Rockefeller's sunbird Cinnyris rockefelleri Albertine Rift montane forests
File:Eastern Double-collared Sunbird, Ngorongoro Crater (8494806979).jpg Eastern double-collared sunbird Cinnyris mediocris Kenya and northern Tanzania
Usambara double-collared sunbird Cinnyris usambaricus Kenya and northeast Tanzania
Forest double-collared sunbird Cinnyris fuelleborni East Africa
Moreau's sunbird Cinnyris moreaui Tanzania
File:Beautiful Sunbird, Tarangire, Tanzania (8495915882).jpg Beautiful sunbird Cinnyris pulchellus Senegal and Guinea in the west to Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia and northwest Kenya
Gorgeous sunbird (split from beautiful sunbird) Cinnyris melanogastrus Kenya and Tanzania
Loveridge's sunbird Cinnyris loveridgei Tanzania
File:Marico sunbird, Cinnyris mariquensis (male) at Marakele National Park, Limpopo, South Africa (16301138095).jpg Marico sunbird Cinnyris mariquensis Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe
Shelley's sunbird Cinnyris shelleyi Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe
Congo sunbird Cinnyris congensis Democratic Republic of the Congo
File:Red-chested sunbird (Cinnyris erythrocercus) male.jpg Red-chested sunbird Cinnyris erythrocercus Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda
File:Black-bellied Sunbird - Tsavo NP - Kenya 2018.jpg Black-bellied sunbird Cinnyris nectarinioides Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, and Tanzania
File:Purple-banded Sunbird (Cinnyris bifasciatus).jpg Purple-banded sunbird Cinnyris bifasciatus Angola, Botswana, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Eswatini, Gabon, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe
File:Tsavo Sunbird (Cinnyris tsavoensis) (31644749997).jpg Tsavo sunbird Cinnyris tsavoensis Kenya and Tanzania
Violet-breasted sunbird Cinnyris chalcomelas Kenya and Somalia
File:Pemba Sunbird, Manta Resort, Pemba Island (8494780065).jpg Pemba sunbird Cinnyris pembae Pemba Island, in Tanzania
File:Orange-tufted Sunbird.jpg Orange-tufted sunbird Cinnyris bouvieri Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Kenya, Nigeria, Uganda, and Zambia
File:Palestine sunbird (Cinnyris osea osea) male 2.jpg Palestine sunbird Cinnyris osea Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa
File:Glanznektarvogel.jpg Arabian sunbird Cinnyris hellmayri Oman, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen
Abyssinian sunbird Cinnyris habessinicus Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, and Uganda
File:Splendid Sunbird - Gambia (32498163312).jpg Splendid sunbird Cinnyris coccinigastrus tropical Africa
File:Johanna's sunbird (Cinnyris johannae) female.jpg Johanna's sunbird Cinnyris johannae African tropical rainforest
File:Superb Sunbird - Shai Hills - Ghana 14 S4E1137.jpg Superb sunbird Cinnyris superbus African tropical rainforest
Rufous-winged sunbird Cinnyris rufipennis Tanzania
Oustalet's sunbird Cinnyris oustaleti Angola, Malawi, Tanzania, and Zambia
File:Male white-bellied Sunbird,Cinnyris talatala at at Walter Sisulu National Botanical Garden, Gauteng, South Africa (35240197235).jpg White-bellied sunbird Cinnyris talatala Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eswatini, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe
File:Variable sunbird (Cinnyris venustus venustus) male.jpg Variable sunbird Cinnyris venustus Sub-Saharan Africa
File:Dusky sunbird (Cinnyris fuscus) male.jpg Dusky sunbird Cinnyris fuscus Angola, Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa
Ursula's sunbird Cinnyris ursulae Nigeria, Cameroon, and Equatorial Guinea
Bates's sunbird Cinnyris batesi Central Africa
File:Cinnyris cupreus by Francesco Veronesi (cropped).jpg Copper sunbird Cinnyris cupreus Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Mozambique
File:Purple male sunbird (cropped).JPG Purple sunbird Cinnyris asiaticus South and Southeast Asia
File:PHILIPPINE OLIVE-BACKED SUNBIRD.jpg Garden sunbird or olive-backed sunbird Cinnyris jugularis The Philippines
File:Apricot-breasted Sunbird (cropped).jpg Apricot-breasted sunbird Cinnyris buettikoferi Indonesia
Flame-breasted sunbird Cinnyris solaris Timor, Wetar and Lesser Sundas
File:Souimanga Sunbird - Andasibè - Madagascar S4E7744 (15266051336).jpg Souimanga sunbird Cinnyris sovimanga Madagascar, the Aldabra Group and the Glorioso Islands
File:Cinnyris dussumieri.jpg Seychelles sunbird Cinnyris dussumieri Seychelles
File:Malagasy green sunbird (Cinnyris notatus).jpg Malagasy green sunbird Cinnyris notatus Comoros and Madagascar
File:Humblot’s sunbird.jpg Humblot's sunbird Cinnyris humbloti Comoros
Anjouan sunbird Cinnyris comorensis Comoros
Mayotte sunbird Cinnyris coquerellii Comoros
File:Loten sunbird by arshad ka.jpg Loten's sunbird Cinnyris lotenius India and Sri Lanka
Tukangbesi sunbird Cinnyris infrenatus Wakatobi Islands, Indonesia
File:Cinnyris jugularis - Kent Ridge Park.jpg Ornate sunbird Cinnyris ornatus Indochina, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Lesser Sunda Islands
File:Cinnyris jugularis male.jpg Sahul sunbird Cinnyris frenatus Sulawesi to the Solomon Islands and northeast Australia
Palawan sunbird Cinnyris aurora Palawan and Busuanga Islands, Philippines
South Moluccan sunbird Cinnyris clementiae Maluku Islands, Indonesia
Flores Sea sunbird Cinnyris teysmanni Flores Sea islands, south of Sulawesi
Mamberamo sunbird Cinnyris idenburgi north New Guinea

References

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Further reading

  • Barlow, Wacher and Disley, Birds of The Gambia Template:ISBN
  • Grimmett, Inskipp and Inskipp, Birds of India Template:ISBN
  • Robson, Craig A Field Guide to the Birds of Thailand Template:ISBN
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