Cinema of Albania
Template:Short description The film industry in Albania comprises the art of films and movies made within the country or by Albanian directors abroad. Albania has had an active cinema industry since 1897 and began strong activities in 1940 after the foundation of both the "Kinostudio Shqipëria e Re" and National Center of Cinematography in Tirana.[1][2]
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In consideration to the Albanian diaspora, there are several internationally renowned actors such as the Albanian-Americans Eliza Dushku, Klement Tinaj, Masiela Lusha, Jim and John Belushi, Kosovo-Albanians Bekim Fehmiu and Arta Dobroshi and Turkish-Albanian Barish Arduç.
Albania annually hosts several International Film Festivals. The most important is certainly the Tirana International Film Festival, which takes place in the capital of Tirana. Born in 2008, the Durrës International Film Festival is also among the most prominent exhibitions held in summer at the Amphitheatre of Durrës.
History
Foundation
Films were first shown in Albania starting in 1897, as part of travelling shows and to aristocrats. Kolë Idromeno, a photographer, started showing films in 1908 or 1909, and is regarded as the first Albanian to do so by the National Center of Cinematography.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[3] The Charles Urban Trading Company shot films in Albania from between 1902 and the Balkan Wars.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Albert Kahn's ethnographical footage from 1912 was among the first films shot in Albania.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
On 10 September 1942, Benito Mussolini ordered the creation of the Tomorri Society, which would make films in Albania. Mihallaq Mone, who studied at the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia, was its director.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". One of the first Albanian films shot with an Albanian cast was the short film Encounter at the Lake (Takim në liqen) from 1943.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mone left Albania in 1945, and spent the remainder of his life in the United States.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Communist
The Central State Film Archive reported that 286 films were made in the communist period.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Ill stated that 103 films were produced between 1978 and 1984,Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". and 86 films were produced between 1985 and 1991.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
In 1946, Italian films accounted for a plurality of films shown in Albania and still accounted for one-third of foreign films shown in 1955.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Albania started importing films from the Soviet Union in the 1950s. 21 feature films and 87 documentaries were imported in 1951, and 9 feature films and 77 documentaries were imported in 1952.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
The National Filmmaking Enterprise was formed in 1947, and started producing newsreels and documentaries. The Great Warrior Skanderbeg, a Soviet-Albanian coproduction, was released in 1953.[3]Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". In 1950, Jani Nano, Mihal Çarka, Koço Tollko, Petraq Lubonja, Endri Keko, and Xhanfise Keko were sent to study for two years at the Moscow Central Studio for Documentary Film.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Keko was one of the few female directors in the communist period.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
The New Albania Kinostudio was opened on 10 July 1952, and started producing newsreels and short films. It was Albania's only film studio under communist rule.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Kristaq Dhamo's 1958 film Tana was Kinostudio's first feature-length film and is regarded as the first one in Albanian history.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[3]
In 1952, Daughters of China (Zhong Hua nu er) became the first Chinese film shown in Albania.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The Sino-Albanian Cultural Cooperation Agreement was signed on 14 October 1954.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Forward, Side by Side (Krah pёr krah/Bing jian qianjin), the first Sino-Albanian coproduction, was directed by Endri Keko and Hao Yusheng in 1964.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Jerry Lewis' films were some of the few foreign films allowed to be shown in Albania under Hoxha.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Filmmaker Template:Ill was imprisoned between 1956 and 1990.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
The 1970s was a period of Albanian cinema in which the depiction of Italians and Fascist Italy's control of Albania were common.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Template:Ill, released in 1975, was the first animated feature film in Albania.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
There were 33 cinemas in Albania in 1945, with around 7,000 seats.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The number of cinemas rose from 35 in 1950, to 72 in 1960, and 105 in 1973.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The Albanian National Film Festival was held eight times between 1976 and 2001.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Modern
Kinostudio closed in 1991,Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". and was split into Albafilm, Albafilm Distribution, Albafilm Animation, and the Albanian State Film Archive.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The Tirana International Film Festival was launched in 2003.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Kujtim Çashku established Academy of Film and Multimedia Marubi (Akademia e Filmit e Multimedias Marubi), the first private film school in the country, in 2004.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
The Institute for the Study of Communist Crimes and Consequences proposed banning showings of Kinostudio films in 2017.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Erenik Beqiri's The Van was nominated for the Short Film Palme d'Or at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival, the first time an Albanian production was represented at Cannes since 1954.[4]
Notable Albanian Films
| Title | Translation | Year | Genre |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bijtë e shqipës së Skënderbeut | The sons of Skanderbeg's Albania | 1941 | Documentary short |
| Luftëtari i madh i Shqipërisë Skënderbeu | The Great Albanian Warrior Skanderbeg | 1953 | Epic war |
| Fëmijët e saj | Her Children | 1957 | Drama |
| Tana | Tana | 1958 | Drama |
| Vitet e para | The First Years | 1965 | Historic war |
| Prita | The Trap | 1968 | War |
| I teti në bronx | The Father in Bronze | 1970 | |
| Mëngjese lufte | Mornings of War | 1971 | Coming of age |
| Malet me blerim mbuluar | The Mountains Covered in Tulips | 1971 | |
| Yjet e netëve të gjata | The Stars of the Long Nights | 1972 | Drama |
| Operacioni zjarri | Operation Fire | 1973 | War comedy |
| Rrugicat që kërkonin diell | The Alleys That Sought Sunlight | 1975 | Drama |
| Beni ecën vetë | Beni Walks on His Own | 1975 | Comedy |
| Zonja nga qyteti | The Lady from the City | 1976 | Comedy |
| Lulëkuqet mbi mure | Red Poppies on Walls | 1976 | Coming of age drama |
| Përballimi | The Confrontation | 1976 | |
| Njeriu me top | The Man with the Cannon | 1977 | |
| Tomka dhe shokët e tij | Tomka and His Friends | 1977 | Coming of age |
| Gjeneral Gramafoni | The General Gramophone | 1978 | Drama |
| Liri a vdekje | Freedom or Death | 1979 | Historic |
| Nëntori i Dytë | The Second November | 1983 | |
| Të paftuarit | The Uninvited | 1985 | Psychological |
| Një jetë më shumë | One More Life | 1986 | |
| Përrallë nga e kaluara | A Tale from the Past | 1987 | Comedy |
| Këmishët ne dyllë | The Cloaks in Wax | 1987 | |
| Rojet e mjegullës | The Keepers of the Fog | 1988 | Psychological thriller |
| Muri i gjallë | The Living Wall | 1989 | Medieval fantasy |
| Balada e Kurbinit | Ballad of Kurbin | 1990 | Romantic drama |
| Vdekja e kalit | The Death of the Horse | 1992 | Psychological drama |
| Plumbi prej plasteline | The Clay Bullet | 1994 | Sci-fi psychological drama |
| Një ditë nga një jetë | A Day from a Life | 1994 | |
| Kolonel Bunker | Colonel Bunker | 1998 | Historical |
| Tirana Viti Zero | Tirana Year Zero | 2001 | Comedy |
| Trishtimi i zonjës Shnajder | The Sorrow of Mrs. Schneider | 2008 | Romantic drama |
| Koha e Kometës | Time of the Comet | 2008 | Historical drama |
| Lindje, Perëndim, Lindje | East, West, East | 2009 | Comedy |
| Amnistia | Amnesty | 2011 | Drama |
| Falja e gjakut | The Forgiveness of Blood | 2011 | Drama |
| Farmakon | Pharmakon | 2012 | Drama |
| Jeta mes ujërave | Life Between the Waters | 2017 | Drama |
| Mali i harrum | The Forgotten Mountain | 2018 | Drama |
| Takim në ajër | Encounter in the Air | 2019 | Drama |
| Freestyle to Montenegro | Freestyle to Montenegro | 2021 | Documentary |
| Alexander (2023 film) | Alexander | 2023 | Documentary |
International influence
During China's Cultural Revolution, many Chinese audience members were introduced to avant-garde and modernist storytelling techniques and aesthetics through Albanian film.[5]Template:Rp
See also
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- List of Albanian films by year
- Cinema of Kosovo
- Cinema of North Macedonia
- Albanian Central Film Archive
- National Center of Cinematography (Albania)
External links
- Central State's Film Archive
- National Center of Cinematography Script error: No such module "webarchive".
- Abdurrahim Myftiu
- A selection of great Albanian movies offered by tanmarket.com (website in Albanian)
- History of the Albanian Cinema, a chronography from TheAlbanians.com (website in English)
- Albanian Film Database - Albanian films, cast, and crew
- Movie Movie - a chronological history of Albanian cinema from 1911 to the present day
- The Albanian Cinema Project - an initiative launched in 2012 by an international group of filmmakers, archivists and film scholars to help bring much needed attention to the cause of preserving, restoring and making accessible Albania's rich film legacy
References
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Works cited
Books
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Journals
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News
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