Cicadomorpha
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
Cicadomorpha[1] is an infraorder of the insect order Hemiptera which contains the cicadas, leafhoppers, treehoppers, and spittlebugs. There are approximately 35,000 described species worldwide. Distributed worldwide, all members of this group are plant-feeders, and many produce either audible sounds or substrate vibrations as a form of communication. The earliest fossils of cicadomorphs first appear during the Late Permian. Notable extinct members include the "giant cicadas" belonging to Palaeontinidae.
Classification
Some authors use the name Clypeorrhyncha (from the Latin clypeus and the Greek ῥύγχος rhúnkhos, 'shielded nose') as a replacement for the extant Cicadomorpha.[2] Nymphs of many Cicadomorphans coat themselves with secretions from specialized Malphigian tubules. They are never coated with hydrophobic wax as seen in the nymphs of Fulgoromorpha. Most Cicadomorphas have a filter chamber in their mid-gut which helps remove excess water from the xylem or phloem sap that they feed on.[3]
Of the three extant superfamilies within the Cicadomorpha, molecular phylogeny studies have placed Membracoidea as a sister group to a clade containing Cicadoidea and Cercopoidea. Within these superfamilies, not all deep phylogeny questions have been resolved.[4]
Modified after Szwedo, 2018.[5]
- †Infraorder Prosbolopsemorpha Szwedo, 2018Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Superfamily † Prosbolopseoidea Becker-Migdisova, 1946Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Family † Prosbolopseidae Becker-Migdisova, 1946Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Permian)
- Superfamily † Pereborioidea Zalessky, 1930Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- † Curvicubitidae Hong, 1984Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Triassic)
- † Ignotalidae Riek, 1973Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Permian-Triassic)
- † Pereboriidae Zalessky, 1930Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Permian-Triassic)
- Superfamily †Dysmorphoptiloidea Handlirsch, 1906Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- †Dysmorphoptilidae Handlirsch, 1906Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Permian- Jurassic)
- †Eoscarterellidae Evans, 1956Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Permian-Triassic)
- †Magnacicadiidae Hong & Chen, 1981Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Triassic)
- Superfamily † Palaeontinoidea Handlirsch, 1906Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- † Dunstaniidae Tillyard, 1916Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Permian–Jurassic)
- † Mesogereonidae Tillyard, 1921Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Triassic)
- † Palaeontinidae Handlirsch, 1906Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Triassic–Cretaceous)
- Superfamily † Hylicelloidea Evans, 1956Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- † Chiliocyclidae Evans, 1956Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".; Triassic
- † Hylicellidae Evans, 1956Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Triassic–Cretaceous)
- † Mesojabloniidae Storozhenko, 1992Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Triassic)
- Superfamily † Prosbolopseoidea Becker-Migdisova, 1946Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Clade Clypeata Qadri, 1967Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Superfamily Cercopoidea Westwood, 1838Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Superfamily Cicadoidea Latreille, 1802Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Superfamily †Hylicelloidea Evans, 1956Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- † Chiliocyclidae Evans, 1956Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".; Triassic
- † Hylicellidae Evans, 1956Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Triassic–Cretaceous)
- † Mesojabloniidae Storozhenko, 1992Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Triassic)
- † Minlagerrontidae Chen, Szwedo and Wang, 2019Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Cretaceous)
- Superfamily Membracoidea Rafinesque, 1815Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
References
Template:Hemiptera Template:Taxonbar Template:Authority control
- ↑ Evans JW (1946) A natural classification of leaf-hoppers (Jassoidea, Homoptera). Part 1. External morphology and systematic position. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 96 (3): 47–60.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ C. H. Dietrich in Resh, V. H. & Carde, R. T. (Eds.) 2003 Encyclopedia of Insects. Academic Press.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".