Chrysophyllum

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Chrysophyllum is a group of trees in the Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753.[1][2]

The genus is native to the tropical Americas, from Mexico to northern Argentina, including the Caribbean.[3] One species, C. oliviforme, extends north to southern Florida.[4][3]

Description

Chrysophyllum members are usually tropical trees, often growing rapidly to 10–20 m or more in height. The leaves are oval, 3–15 cm long, green above, densely golden pubescent below, from which the genus is named.[5] The flowers are small (3–8 mm), purplish white and have a sweet fragrant smell; they are clustered several together, and are hermaphroditic (self fertile). The fruit is edible; round, usually purple skinned (sometimes greenish-white), often green around the calyx, with a star pattern in the pulp; the flattened seeds are light brown and hard. The fruit skin is chewy like gum, and contrary to some reports, is edible. Script error: No such module "Unsubst".[6][7]

In 1990 and 1991 T.D. Pennington adopted a wide circumscription of Chrysophyllum, giving it a Pantropical distribution. Later morphological and phylogenetic studies confirmed that the genus defined by Pennington was polyphyletic, and in 2017 De Faria et. al. proposed that Chrysophyllum be more narrowly circumscribed, and some species placed in the revived genera Achrouteria, Cornuella, Martiusella, Nemaluma, Prieurella, and Ragala.[8]

Species

since April 2025Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Plants of the World Online accepts the following 37 species:[3] Script error: No such module "Template wrapper".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Formerly included[3]

  • Achrouteria durifructa W.A.RodriguesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. durifructum (W.A.Rodrigues) T.D.PennScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
  • Achrouteria eximia (Ducke) SwensonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. eximium DuckeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
  • Achrouteria pomifera EymaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. pomiferum (Eyma) T.D.Penn.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
  • Chloroluma gonocarpa (Mart. & Eichler) Baill. ex Aubrév.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. gonocarpum (Mart. & Eichler) Engl.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
  • Chloroluma viridis (Mart. & Eichler) Aubrév.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. viride Mart. & EichlerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
  • Cornuella venezuelanensis PierreScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. venezuelanense (Pierre) T.D.Penn.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
  • Donella ambrensis Aubrév. (as C. ambrense (Aubrév.) G.E.Schatz & L.Gaut.)
  • Donella analalavensis Aubrév. (as C. analalavense (Aubrév.) G.E.Schatz & L.Gaut.)
  • Donella bangweolensis (R.E.Fr. & Pellegr.) Mackinder (as C. bangweolense R.E.Fr. & Pellegr.)
  • Donella capuronii (G.E.Schatz & L.Gaut.) Mackinder & L.Gaut. (as C. capuronii G.E.Schatz & L.Gaut.)
  • Donella delphinensis Aubrév. (as C. delphinense (Aubrév.) G.E.Schatz & L.Gaut.)
  • Donella fenerivensis Aubrév. (as C. fenerivense (Aubrév.) G.E.Schatz & L.Gaut.)
  • Donella guereliana (Aubrév.) Mackinder (as C guerelianum (Aubrév.) G.E.Schatz & L.Gaut.)
  • Donella masoalensis Aubrév. (as C. masoalense (Aubrév.) G.E.Schatz & L.Gaut.)
  • Donella perrieri Lecomte (as C. perrieri (Lecomte) G.E.Schatz & L.Gaut.)
  • Donella pruniformis (Engl.) Pierre ex Engl. (as C. pruniforme Engl.)
  • Donella viridifolia (J.M.Wood & Franks) Aubrév. & Pellegr. (as C. viridifolium J.M.Wood & Franks)
  • Donella ubangiensis (De Wild.) Aubrév. (as C. ubangiense (De Wild.) Govaerts)
  • Englerophytum longepedicellatum (De Wild.) L.Gaut. (as C. longifolium De Wild.)
  • Englerophytum magalismontanum (Sond.) T.D.Penn. (as C. magalismontanum Sond.)
  • Englerophytum oblanceolatum (S.Moore) T.D.Penn. (as C. tessmannii Engl. & K.Krause)
  • Gambeya africana - (A.DC.) Pierre (as C. africanum A.DC.)
  • Gambeya albida (G.Don) Aubrév. & Pellegr. (as C. albidum G.Don)
  • Gambeya azaguieana (J.Miège) Aubrév. & Pellegr. (as C. azaguieanum J.Miège)
  • Gambeya beguei (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) Aubrév. & Pellegr. (as C. beguei (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) Aubrév. & Pellegr.)
  • Gambeya boiviniana Pierre (as C. boivinianum (Pierre) Baehni)
  • Gambeya boukokoensis Aubrév. & Pellegr. (as C. boukokoense (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) L.Gaut.)
  • Gambeya gigantea (A.Chev.) Aubrév. & Pellegr. (as C. giganteum A.Chev.)
  • Gambeya gorungosana (Engl.) Liben (as C. gorungosanum Engl.)
  • Gambeya lacourtiana (De Wild.) Aubrév. & Pellegr. (as C. lacourtianum De Wild.)
  • Gambeya lungi (De Wild.) Aubrév. & Pellegr. (as C. lungi De Wild.)
  • Gambeya muerensis (Engl.) Liben (as C. muerense Engl.)
  • Gambeya taiensis (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) Aubrév. & Pellegr. (as C. taiense Aubrév. & Pellegr.)
  • Jacquinia arborea Vahl (as C. barbasco Loefl.)
  • Martiusella imperialis (Linden ex K.Koch & Fintelm.) PierreScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. imperiale (Linden ex K.Koch & Fintelm.) Benth. ex SalomonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
  • Micropholis rugosa (Sw.) Pierre (as C. rugosum Sw.)
  • Palaquium philippense (Perr.) C.B.Rob. (as C. philippense Perr.)
  • Pouteria alnifolia (Baker) Roberty (as C. alnifolium Baker)
  • Pouteria gardneri (Mart. & Miq.) Baehni (as C. gardneri Mart. & Miq.)
  • Pouteria macrophylla (Lam.) Eyma (as C. macrophyllum Lam.)
  • Pouteria reticulata (Engl.) Eyma (as C. reticulatum Engl.)
  • Pradosia brevipes (Pierre) T.D.Penn. (as C. soboliferum Rizzini)
  • Pradosia lactescens (Vell.) Radlk. (as C. burahem Riedel)
  • Prieurella colombiana Aubrév.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. colombianum (Aubrév.) T.D.Penn.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
  • Prieurella cuneifolia (Rudge) SwensonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. cuneifolium (Rudge) A.DC.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
  • Prieurella manaosensis Aubrév.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. manaosense (Aubrév.) T.D.Penn.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
  • Prieurella prieurii (A.DC.) Aubrév.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. prieurii A.DC.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
  • Prieurella wurdackii Aubrév.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. amazonicum T.D.Penn.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
  • Ragala bombycina (T.D.Penn.) SwensonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. bombycinum T.D.Penn.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
  • Ragala sanguinolenta PierreScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. sanguinolentum (Pierre) BaehniScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
  • Ragala scalaris (T.D.Penn.) SwensonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. scalare T.D.Penn.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
  • Ragala ucuquirana-branca (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) W.A.RodriguesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. ucuquirana-branca (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) T.D.Penn.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)

References

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  1. ↑ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 192 in Latin
  2. ↑ Tropicos, Chrysophyllum L.
  3. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Chrysophyllum L. World Flora Online. Accessed 3 December 2022.
  5. ↑ The generic name is derived from the Greek words χρυσός (chrysos), meaning "gold," and φυλλον (phyllos), meaning "leaf." See Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Flora of North America Vol. 8 Page 245 Cainito Chrysophyllum Linnaeus
  7. ↑ Flora of China, Vol. 15 Page 208 金叶树属 jin ye shu shu Chrysophyllum Linnaeus
  8. ↑ Aparecida Donisete De Faria, José Rubens Pirani, José Eduardo Lahoz Da Silva Ribeiro, Stephan Nylinder, Mário Henrique Terra-Araujo, Pedro Paulo Vieira, Ulf Swenson, Towards a natural classification of Sapotaceae subfamily Chrysophylloideae in the Neotropics, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 185, Issue 1, September 2017, Pages 27–55,

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