Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
Template:Infobox medical condition (new)Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is an immune disorder of T cells.[1] It is characterized by chronic infections with Candida that are limited to mucosal surfaces, skin, and nails.[2]Template:Rp It can also be associated with other types of infections, such as human papilloma virus. An association with chromosome 2 has been identified.Template:Medical citation needed
Types
| Type | OMIMα | Gene | Locus |
|---|---|---|---|
| CANDF1 | 114580 | - | 2p |
| CANDF2 | 212050 | CARD9 | 9q34.3 |
| CANDF3 | 607644 | - | 11 |
| CANDF4 | 613108 | CLEC7A | 12p13.2-p12.3 |
| CANDF5 | 613953 | IL17RA | 22q11 |
| CANDF6 | 613956 | IL17F | 6p12 |
| CANDF7 | 614162 | STAT1 | 2q32 |
| CANDF8 | 615527 | TRAF3IP2 | 6q21 |
| CANDF9 | 616445 | IL17RC | 3q25 |
Signs and symptoms
The signs and symptoms of this condition are thickened skin, skin ulcer, dyspareunia, endocardium abnormality, vision problems, hepatitis, seizures, bloody urine, and meningitis.[3]
Associated diseases or conditions
There are a number of disorders associated with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis including endocrine dysfunctions, vitiligo, malabsorption syndromes, neoplasms, and others. In most patients, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is correlated to abnormalities in cell-mediated immunity (T-lymphocyte mediated response)Script error: No such module "Unsubst".. The T-lymphocytes fail to produce the necessary cytokines that are required for immunity against Candida. Current effective treatments include anti-fungal drugs and, for long-term remissions, restoration of cellular immunity.[4]
Patients with autosomal-dominant mucocutaneous candidiasis may be at risk for epidermoid esophageal cancer due to the nitrosamine compounds produced by chronic candida infections.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".[5]
Cause
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis can be inherited either autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive.[6] There are 9 types of this condition with the first CANDF1 being located at 2p22.3-p21 (cytogenetically).[7]
Mechanism
The mechanism the human immune system has is normally to fight an infection (like Candida). Initially, Th17 cells are made by the immune system, which in turn produces interleukin-17 (IL-17). This induces inflammation and white blood cells confront infection.[8]
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis mutations affect IL-17 by inhibiting its pathway. This in turn affects the human immune system's ability to fight infection, in total there are 9 possible types of this condition.[8][9]
-
Stat1(CANDF7 mutation on Chromosome 2q32)
-
CHR 2
Diagnosis
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis can be diagnosed in an affected individual via the following methods/tests:[10][1] Script error: No such module "Template wrapper".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Treatment
Management for an individual with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis consists of the following (relapse occurs once treatment is ceased, in many cases):[1][11]
- Systemic anti-fungal therapy (e.g., Fluconazole)
- Transfer factor
- Combination therapy
- Screening (annually)
See also
Notes
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References
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- ↑ Rosa DD, Pasqualotto AC, Denning DW. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and oesophageal cancer. Med Mycol. 2008 Feb;46(1):85-91. doi: 10.1080/13693780701616023. PMID 17852718.
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Further reading
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External links
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