Chromosome 7
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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Infobox chromosome Chromosome 7 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans, who normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 7 spans about 160 million[1] base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 5 and 5.5 percent of the total DNA in cells.
Genes
Number of genes
The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 7. Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes.[2]
| Estimated by | Protein-coding genes | Non-coding RNA genes | Pseudogenes | Source | Release date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CCDS | 862 | — | — | [3] | 2016-09-08 |
| HGNC | 870 | 245 | 703 | [4] | 2017-05-12 |
| Ensembl | 984 | 973 | 889 | [5] | 2017-03-29 |
| UniProt | 944 | — | — | [6] | 2018-02-28 |
| NCBI | 948 | 905 | 933 | [7][8][9] | 2017-05-19 |
Gene list
Script error: No such module "Category see also".Template:Category see also/Category pair check The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 7. For complete list, see the link in the infobox on the right. Script error: No such module "Template wrapper".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Diseases and disorders
The following diseases are some of those related to genes on chromosome 7:
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- 7p22.1 microduplication syndrome[10]
- argininosuccinic aciduria[11][12][13]
- cerebral cavernous malformation[11][13]
- Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease[11]
- Cholestasis, progressive familial intrahepatic 3[11]
- Citrullinemia, type II, adult-onset,[11]
- congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens[11]
- cystic fibrosis[14][11][13]
- Developmental verbal dyspraxia[15]
- distal spinal muscular atrophy, type VScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
- Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
- hemochromatosis, type 3[11]
- Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer HNPCC4[11]
- Lissencephaly syndrome, norman-roberts type[11]
- Marfan syndrome[11]
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- maturity onset diabetes of the young type 3Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
- mucopolysaccharidosis type VII or Sly syndrome[11]
- Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, type 1D[11]
- myelodysplastic syndrome[16]
- Myotonia congenita[11][17]
- nonsyndromic deafness[11]
- osteogenesis imperfectaScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
- p47-phox-deficient chronic granulomatous diseaseScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
- Pectus excavatum
- Pendred syndrome[11][18]
- Romano–Ward syndromeScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
- Shwachman–Diamond syndrome[11][13]
- SchizophreniaScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
- Silver-Russell syndrome[19]
- Specific language impairment[11][15]
- Tritanopia or tritanomaly color blindness[11]
- Williams syndrome[14][11][20]
- Zellweger syndrome[21]
Chromosomal disorders
The following conditions are caused by changes in the structure or number of copies of chromosome 7:
- Williams syndrome is caused by the deletion of genetic material from a portion of the long (q) arm of chromosome 7. The deleted region, which is located at position 11.23 (written as 7q11.23), is designated as the Williams syndrome critical region. This region includes more than 20 genes, and researchers believe that the characteristic features of Williams syndrome are probably related to the loss of multiple genes in this region.
While a few of the specific genes related to Williams syndrome have been identified, the relationship between most of the genes in the deleted region and the signs and symptoms of Williams syndrome is unknown.
- Other changes in the number or structure of chromosome 7 can cause delayed growth and development, mental disorder, characteristic facial features, skeletal abnormalities, delayed speech, and other medical problems. These changes include an extra copy of part of chromosome 7 in each cell (partial trisomy 7) or a missing segment of the chromosome in each cell (partial monosomy 7). In some cases, several DNA building blocks (nucleotides) are deleted or duplicated in part of chromosome 7. A circular structure called ring chromosome 7 is also possible. A ring chromosome occurs when both ends of a broken chromosome are reunited.[22]
Cytogenetic band
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| Chr. | Arm[24] | Band[25] | ISCN start[26] |
ISCN stop[26] |
Basepair start |
Basepair stop |
Stain[27] | Density |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | p | 22.3 | 0 | 227 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gneg | |
| 7 | p | 22.2 | 227 | 397 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gpos | 25 |
| 7 | p | 22.1 | 397 | 610 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gneg | |
| 7 | p | 21.3 | 610 | 908 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gpos | 100 |
| 7 | p | 21.2 | 908 | 965 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gneg | |
| 7 | p | 21.1 | 965 | 1121 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gpos | 100 |
| 7 | p | 15.3 | 1121 | 1419 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gneg | |
| 7 | p | 15.2 | 1419 | 1589 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gpos | 50 |
| 7 | p | 15.1 | 1589 | 1816 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gneg | |
| 7 | p | 14.3 | 1816 | 1986 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gpos | 75 |
| 7 | p | 14.2 | 1986 | 2043 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gneg | |
| 7 | p | 14.1 | 2043 | 2327 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gpos | 75 |
| 7 | p | 13 | 2327 | 2639 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gneg | |
| 7 | p | 12.3 | 2639 | 2838 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gpos | 75 |
| 7 | p | 12.2 | 2838 | 2909 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gneg | |
| 7 | p | 12.1 | 2909 | 3093 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gpos | 75 |
| 7 | p | 11.2 | 3093 | 3306 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gneg | |
| 7 | p | 11.1 | 3306 | 3448 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | acen | |
| 7 | q | 11.1 | 3448 | 3689 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | acen | |
| 7 | q | 11.21 | 3689 | 3973 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gneg | |
| 7 | q | 11.22 | 3973 | 4171 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gpos | 50 |
| 7 | q | 11.23 | 4171 | 4597 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gneg | |
| 7 | q | 21.11 | 4597 | 4994 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gpos | 100 |
| 7 | q | 21.12 | 4994 | 5108 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gneg | |
| 7 | q | 21.13 | 5108 | 5292 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gpos | 75 |
| 7 | q | 21.2 | 5292 | 5406 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gneg | |
| 7 | q | 21.3 | 5406 | 5661 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gpos | 75 |
| 7 | q | 22.1 | 5661 | 6129 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gneg | |
| 7 | q | 22.2 | 6129 | 6300 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gpos | 50 |
| 7 | q | 22.3 | 6300 | 6470 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gneg | |
| 7 | q | 31.1 | 6470 | 6683 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gpos | 75 |
| 7 | q | 31.2 | 6683 | 6867 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gneg | |
| 7 | q | 31.31 | 6867 | 7094 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gpos | 75 |
| 7 | q | 31.32 | 7094 | 7208 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gneg | |
| 7 | q | 31.33 | 7208 | 7364 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gpos | 75 |
| 7 | q | 32.1 | 7364 | 7449 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gneg | |
| 7 | q | 32.2 | 7449 | 7576 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gpos | 25 |
| 7 | q | 32.3 | 7576 | 7803 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gneg | |
| 7 | q | 33 | 7803 | 8031 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gpos | 50 |
| 7 | q | 34 | 8031 | 8371 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gneg | |
| 7 | q | 35 | 8371 | 8612 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gpos | 75 |
| 7 | q | 36.1 | 8612 | 8910 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gneg | |
| 7 | q | 36.2 | 8910 | 9080 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gpos | 25 |
| 7 | q | 36.3 | 9080 | 9350 | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "val". | gneg |
In popular culture
Novels
In the novel Performance Anomalies, researchers at Stanford University identify mutations in the long (q) arm of chromosome 7 as underlying the accelerated nervous system of the spy protagonist Cono,[28] who receives the moniker Cono 7Q
References
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- ↑ What is chromosome 7, "Genetics Home Reference" of U.S. National Library of Medicine. April 2008. [2014-05-14].
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- ↑ "p": Short arm; "q": Long arm.
- ↑ For cytogenetic banding nomenclature, see article locus.
- ↑ a b These values (ISCN start/stop) are based on the length of bands/ideograms from the ISCN book, An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). Arbitrary unit.
- ↑ gpos: Region which is positively stained by G banding, generally AT-rich and gene poor; gneg: Region which is negatively stained by G banding, generally CG-rich and gene rich; acen Centromere. var: Variable region; stalk: Stalk.
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Further reading
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External links
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