Choricystis
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Choricystis is a genus of green algae in the class Trebouxiophyceae, considered a characteristic picophytoplankton in freshwater ecosystems.[1][2] Choricystis, especially the type species Template:Ill, has been proposed as an effective source of fatty acids for biofuels.[3][4][5] Choricystis algacultures have been shown to survive on wastewater.[6][7] In particular, Choricystis has been proposed as a biological water treatment system for industrial waste produced by the processing of dairy goods.[6]
Choricystis have been found in natural bodies of water in South America,[4] North America, Europe, Asia, and Antarctica.[8] They have been observed as an endosymbiont of freshwater sponges as well as ciliates like Paramecium bursaria.[9][10][11]
Description
Choricystis consists of solitary cells without a mucilage sheath surrounding them.[12] Cells are uninucleate with a single parietal chloroplast.[1] Chloroplasts lack pyrenoids. Reproduction occurs asexually by the formation of autospores; in field conditions, usually two are produced per cell, but in culture four per cell may be present as well.[12] Zoospores or sexual reproduction have not been observed in this genus.[1]
Identification of species within this genus is difficult because of few distinguishing morphological characters; species are now distinguished from each other using DNA barcodes.[9]
Use as a biofuel
Triglycerides and other lipids can be transesterified to produce fatty acid methyl esters, the primary component of biodiesel fuels.[13][14] Because of their high lipid content and rate of lipid production, Choricystis algae have been suggested as effective microalgae for industrial biofuel production.[3][4][5][15][16] Molecular profiles of C. minor have noted its high proportion of neutral (as opposed to polar) lipids,[3][7][17][18] considered preferable in biodiesel production.[7][19]
See also
References
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