Chlorococcum amblystomatis
Template:Short description Template:Speciesbox Chlorococcum amblystomatis, (previously Oophila amblystomatis),[1] is a species of single-celled green algae known for its symbiotic relationship with the spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum. It grows symbiotically inside salamander eggs, primarily in the eggs of the spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum. It has also been reported in other salamander species, such as the Japanese black salamander, Hynobius nigrescens, which is endemic to Japan.[2]
Taxonomy and etymology
C. amblystomatis was originally named in the genus Oophila. When placed in the genus Oophila, it was the only species.[3]
Growth
C. amblystomatis cells invade and grow inside salamander egg capsules. Once inside, it metabolizes the carbon dioxide produced by the embryo and provides it with oxygen and sugar as a result of photosynthesis. This is an example of endosymbiosis.[4] The relationship between some salamanders and some species of green algae, including C. amblystomatis, is the only known example of an intracellular endosymbiont in vertebrates.[5][6] This symbiosis between C. amblystomatis and the salamander may exist beyond the oocyte and early embryonic stage. Chlorophyll autofluorescence observation and ribosomal DNA analysis suggest that this algal species has invaded embryonic salamander tissues and cells during development and may even be transmitted to the next generation.[7]
Free-living C. amblystomatis have been reported growing in freshwater woodland ponds.[8] They grow best at a water depth of Script error: No such module "convert". with the water temperature being Script error: No such module "convert". and an air temperature of Script error: No such module "convert".. Their optimal pH tolerance ranges from 6.26 to 6.46. Cells are motile via a flagellum. C. amblystomatis can reproduce sexually and asexually. 16S rRNA has been partially sequenced as well as the 18S rRNA for the plasmid, however whole genome sequencing has not been done.[8]
See also
References
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- ↑ Nature Trivia, Spotted Salamander Template:Webarchive at Henderson State University. Accessed 4 August 2008.
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Further reading
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