Chief of Staff of the French Navy

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The Chief of the Naval Staff (Template:Langx, Script error: No such module "IPA"., abbr. CEMM) is a French general officer, adviser to the Chief of the Defence Staff for the French Navy and responsible to the Minister of the Armed Forces for preparing the Navy for its engagement. Since 1 September 2023, the Chief of the Naval Staff has been Admiral Template:Ill.

Main powers

The Chief of the Naval Staff is the top representative of the French Navy.

He advises and assists the Chief of the Defence Staff. He provides him with Navy-specific expertise.

He maintains bilateral relations with foreign navies. He participates in inter-administrative bodies in the field of State action at sea.

He has authority over the Navy General Staff (French: Etat-major de la Marine, acronym: EMM), over the Navy Military Personnel Directorate (French: Direction du personnel militaire de la Marine, acronym: DPMM), as well as over all the commands, directorates and services that make up the French Navy.

He ensures the preparation of the naval forces. As such, he is responsible for instruction and training, as well as maintenance of operational readiness. He develops the concepts and doctrines for the employment of naval forces. He reports to the Chief of the Defence Staff on the availability of assets and the operational readiness of the naval forces.

Regarding capabilities, the Chief of the Naval Staff develops the French Navy's military requirements. He defines support and infrastructure needs. He is responsible for the operational evaluation of new equipment. He decides their commissioning and their withdrawal from service at the end of their life.

In terms of human resources, regarding the military personnel of the French Navy, he is responsible for their recruitment, initial and continuous training, discipline, morale and wellbeing, professional and career paths, as well as management of the workforce, jobs and skills. Regarding civilian personnel under his authority, he expresses the needs in terms of employment, manpower and skills. He takes part in the implementation of the ministerial policy concerning civilian personnel and participates in social dialogue bodies.

He has responsibilities in terms of risk management and nuclear safety.

Authority and command

The authority of the Chief of the Naval Staff is exercised over several bodies:

  • The Navy General Staff provides general management for the following entities, under the direction of the Major General of the Navy (French: Major général de la Marine, acronym: MGM) and through its seven bureaux (performance and synthesis, support and finance, plans and programs, naval air operations, international relations, nuclear affairs and risk management, human resources):
    • Navy Military Personnel Directorate, headed by a Vice-Admiral (acronym: DPMM);
    • Major force commands:
    • Maritime zone commanders:
      • Vice-Admiral, maritime prefect of the Mediterranean;
      • Vice-Admiral, maritime prefect of the Atlantic;
      • Vice-Admiral, maritime prefect of the English Channel and the North Sea;
      • Commodore "ALPACI", commanding the French Pacific Fleet and the armed forces in French Polynesia;
      • Commodore "ALINDIEN", commanding the Indian Ocean Maritime Zone (ZMOI) and the French Maritime Forces in the Indian Ocean;
      • Commodore "COMSUP FAA", commanding the French Armed Forces in the West Indies.
  • The following services and departments:
  • Inspectorate of the Navy (not to be confused with the General Inspectorate of the Armed Forces, which reports to the Minister of the Armed Forces);
  • Navy Outreach Delegate;
  • Permanent Commission for Fleet Vessel Programs and Testing;
  • Navy Centre for Strategic Studies;
  • Navy Public Relations Office (SIRPA Marine);
  • Navy Logistics Service;
  • Permanent Council for Boating Safety of the Navy;
  • Permanent Council for Air Safety of the Navy;
  • Permanent Secretariat of the Council for the Military Services of the Navy;
  • Inspector of the health service for the Navy;

He chairs the board of directors of the Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service of the Navy (French: Service hydrographique et océanographique de la Marine, acronym: SHOM) and supervises the French Naval Academy on behalf of the Minister of the Armed Forces.

History

Before the First World War, the Chief of the Naval Staff was above all the head of the military cabinet of the Minister of the Navy, and this mode of operation is the source of the name used; the officer who had effective authority over the Navy was then the admiral commanding the naval army, sometimes unofficially referred to as "amiralissime", in reference to the title of "généralissime" used at the time in the Army.

The First World War called all this into question, because an immense work of reorganisation had to be carried out at the headquarters in "rue Royale"a to conduct a long-lasting industrial maritime war and to be able to face the new threats posed by German submarines and underwater mines: a sort of "second staff" was even created, called the "directorate general for underwater warfare" (French: Direction générale de la guerre sous-marine, acronym: DGGSM) with sometimes overlapping areas of action; this observed redundancy logically led to the dissolution of the DGGSM at the end of the war and the attribution of its many prerogatives to the offices of the Navy General Staff.

In order to have a system allowing a flexible transition between peacetime — period of preparation — and wartime — period of action — the Vice-Admiral Chief of the Navy General Staff becomes, in the 1920s, the designated commander of the French maritime forces in the event of war, and the staff tasks fall in such circumstances to the Major General of the Navy, his first deputy in time of peace.

From 26 August 1939 to 6 June 1943, the organisation of the French Navy no longer included a general staff, but instead a "staff of the French maritime forces" which acted as such for the time of war. Admiral Darlan thus became commander-in-chief of the French maritime forces before being called to other functions in February 1941 in Vichy France.

After the Second World War, the gradual disappearance of the portfolio of Minister of the Navy led to entrusting part of the Minister's prerogatives to the Chief of the Naval Staff. However over time these prerogatives were taken over at the "joint" level by the staff of the armed forces and its chief: the Chief of the Defence Staff. The Chief of the Naval Staff thus lost his responsibilities for directing maritime operations to the Chief of the Defence Staff in 1971b.

In the 2000s, a large part of the organic prerogatives – force preparation – was again transferred to the Chief of the Defence Staff, but the Chief of the Naval Staff remained his main adviser regarding the preparation and employment of the Navy.

Admiral Bernard Louzeau decided at the end of the 1980s to replace the emblem of the French Navy, "a gold anchor intertwined with a cable", by a logo representing "a white ship’s bow with two blue and red waves". Admiral Pierre-François Forissier decided to provide the Navy with an anthem whose lyrics were written in 2011 by Lieutenant Christian Beauval and the music by the Chief of Music of the Armed Forces Didier Descamps, Chief of Music of the Brest fleet crews.

List of chiefs

The following is a list of chiefs that served under the Third Republic, the French State, the Fourth Republic and the Fifth Republic:

Third Republic

No. Portrait Rank & Name Term Minister Commander-in-Chief Ref.Template:Efn
Took office Left office Duration
Office established
1 File:Krantz, Jules François Emile.jpg Contre-amiralTemplate:Efn
Jules Krantz 		9 March 1871 4 June 1873 Template:Ayd Louis Pothuau
Charles d'Hornoy 		Adolphe Thiers
Patrice de MacMahon 		[1]
-
2 File:Blanco portrait.svg Contre-amiral
Victor Duperré 		4 June 1873 1 October 1874 Template:Ayd Charles d'Hornoy
Louis de Chauvance 		Patrice de MacMahon [2]
-
3 File:Blanco portrait.svg Contre-amiral
Template:Ill 		1 October 1874 12 March 1876 Template:Ayd Louis de Chauvance
Léon Fourichon 		Patrice de MacMahon [3]
-
4 File:Blanco portrait.svg Contre-amiral
Albert Roussin 		12 March 1876 1 October 1877 Template:Ayd Léon Fourichon
Albert des Touches
Albert Roussin 		Patrice de MacMahon [4]
-
5 File:DupetitThouarsAN.jpg Contre-amiral
Abel-Nicolas Bergasse du Petit-Thouars 		1 October 1877 12 February 1879 Template:Ayd Albert Roussin
Louis Pothuau
Jean Jauréguiberry 		Patrice de MacMahon
Jules Grévy 		[5]
-
6 File:Blanco portrait.svg Contre-amiral
Eugène Sellier 		12 February 1879 2 August 1880 Template:Ayd Jean Jauréguiberry Jules Grévy [6]
-
7 File:Alexandre Peyron.jpg Contre-amiral
Alexandre Peyron 		2 August 1880 17 November 1881 Template:Ayd Jean Jauréguiberry
Georges Cloué
Auguste Gougeard 		Jules Grévy [7]
-
8 File:L'amiral Armand Besnard.jpg Capitaine de vaisseau
Armand Besnard 		17 November 1881 1 February 1882 Template:Ayd Auguste Gougeard
Jean Jauréguiberry 		Jules Grévy [8]
-
9 File:Alexandre Peyron.jpg Vice-amiral
Alexandre Peyron 		1 February 1882 28 February 1883 Template:Ayd Jean Jauréguiberry
François de Mahy 		Jules Grévy [9]
-
10 File:Admiral Lespes.jpg Contre-amiral
Sébastien Lespès 		28 February 1883 14 July 1885 Template:Ayd François de Mahy
Charles Brun
Alexandre Peyron
Charles-Eugène Galiber 		Jules Grévy [10]
-
11 File:Amiral de La Jaille.jpg Contre-amiral
Template:Ill 		14 July 1885 10 January 1886 Template:Ayd Charles-Eugène Galiber
Théophile Aube 		Jules Grévy [11]
-
12 File:Louis Henri Brown de Colstoun.jpg Contre-amiralTemplate:Efn
Template:Ill 		10 January 1886 1 April 1887 Template:Ayd Théophile Aube Jules Grévy [12]
-
13 File:Amiral Gervais.jpg Capitaine de vaisseau
Template:Ill 		1 April 1887 2 June 1887 Template:Ayd Théophile Aube
Édouard Barbey 		Jules Grévy [13]
-
14 File:Louis Victor Alquier.jpg Contre-amiral
Louis Alquier 		2 June 1887 16 December 1887 Template:Ayd Édouard Barbey
François de Mahy 		Jules Grévy
Sadi Carnot 		[14]
-
15 File:Blanco portrait.svg Contre-amiral
Alfred Le Timbre 		16 December 1887 13 November 1889 Template:Ayd François de Mahy
Jules Krantz
Benjamin Jaurès
Jules Krantz
Édouard Barbey 		Sadi Carnot [15]
-
16 File:Louis Vignes (Eugène Pirou, 1833) - cropped.jpg Vice-amiral
Template:Ill 		13 November 1889 11 February 1892 Template:Ayd Édouard Barbey Sadi Carnot [16]
-
17 File:Amiral Gervais.jpg Vice-amiral
Template:Ill 		11 February 1892 22 September 1894 Template:Ayd Édouard Barbey
Godefroy Cavaignac
[...]
Auguste Lefèvre
Félix Faure 		Sadi Carnot
Jean Casimir-Perier 		[17]
-
18 File:Edgar Eugène Humann.jpg Vice-amiral
Edgar Humann 		22 September 1894 8 November 1895 Template:Ayd Félix Faure
Armand Besnard
Édouard Lockroy 		Jean Casimir-Perier
Félix Faure 		[18]
-
19 File:Blanco portrait.svg Contre-amiral
Charles Chauvin 		8 November 1895 16 June 1896 Template:Ayd Édouard Lockroy
Armand Besnard 		Félix Faure [19]
-
20 File:Amiral sallandrouze.jpg Vice-amiral
Jean de Lamornaix 		16 June 1896 8 July 1898 Template:Ayd Armand Besnard
Édouard Lockroy 		Félix Faure [20]
-
21 File:Cavelier de Cuverville, Jules Marie Armand de, par Gambier, BNF Gallica.jpg Vice-amiral
Jules de Cuverville 		8 July 1898 8 July 1899 Template:Ayd Édouard Lockroy
Jean-Marie de Lanessan 		Félix Faure
Émile Loubet 		[21]
-
22 File:Léonce Albert Caillard.jpg Contre-amiral
Template:Ill 		8 July 1899 1 May 1900 Template:Ayd Jean-Marie de Lanessan Émile Loubet [22]
-
23 File:Amiral amédée bienaimé.jpg Vice-amiral
Template:Ill 		1 May 1900 1 February 1902 Template:Ayd Jean-Marie de Lanessan Émile Loubet [23]
-
24 File:Blanco portrait.svg Contre-amiralTemplate:Efn
Ernest Marquer 		1 February 1902 18 February 1904 Template:Ayd Jean-Marie de Lanessan
Camille Pelletan 		Émile Loubet [24]
-
25 File:Blanco portrait.svg Contre-amiralTemplate:Efn
Paul Campion 		18 February 1904 29 January 1905 Template:Ayd Camille Pelletan
Gaston Thomson 		Émile Loubet [25]
-
26 File:Charles Philippe Touchard.jpg Vice-amiral
Template:Ill 		29 January 1905 1 November 1905 Template:Ayd Gaston Thomson Émile Loubet [26]
-
27 File:Blanco portrait.svg Vice-amiralTemplate:Efn
Template:Ill 		1 November 1905 23 August 1909 Template:Ayd Gaston Thomson
Alfred Picard
Auguste de Lapeyrère 		Émile Loubet
Armand Fallières 		[27]
-
28 File:Blanco portrait.svg Vice-amiralTemplate:Efn
Template:Ill 		23 August 1909 15 February 1911 Template:Ayd Auguste de Lapeyrère Armand Fallières [28]
-
29 File:Paul Auvert.jpg Vice-amiralTemplate:Efn
Template:Ill 		15 February 1911 1 February 1912 Template:Ayd Auguste de Lapeyrère
Théophile Delcassé 		Armand Fallières [29]
-
30 File:Blanco portrait.svg Vice-amiral
Template:Ill 		1 February 1912 24 January 1913 Template:Ayd Théophile Delcassé
Pierre Baudin 		Armand Fallières [30]
-
31 File:Le Tour du monde, nouvelle série-08-p402.jpg Vice-amiral
Template:Ill 		24 January 1913 26 May 1914 Template:Ayd Pierre Baudin
Ernest Monis
Armand Gauthier 		Armand Fallières
Raymond Poincaré 		[31]
-
32 File:Blanco portrait.svg Vice-amiral
Template:Ill 		26 May 1914 5 December 1914 Template:Ayd Armand Gauthier
Émile Chautemps
Armand Gauthier
Victor Augagneur 		Raymond Poincaré [32]
-
33 File:Blanco portrait.svg Vice-amiral
Template:Ill 		5 December 1914 7 June 1915† Template:Ayd Victor Augagneur Raymond Poincaré [33]
-
34 File:LPDF 35 20 Fauque de Jonquière.jpg Vice-amiral
Template:Ill 		9 June 1915 10 March 1916 Template:Ayd Victor Augagneur
Lucien Lacaze 		Raymond Poincaré [34]
-
35 File:Amiral Ferdinand De Bon en 1917.jpg Vice-amiral
Template:Ill 		10 March 1916 16 April 1919 Template:Ayd Lucien Lacaze
Charles Chaumet
Georges Leygues 		Raymond Poincaré [35]
-
36 File:Amiral Pierre Alexis Ronarc H en 1917.jpg Vice-amiral
Pierre-Alexis Ronarc'h 		16 April 1919 4 February 1920 Template:Ayd Georges Leygues
Adolphe Landry 		Raymond Poincaré [36]
-
37 File:Contre-Amiral Salaun 01.jpg Vice-amiral
Henri Salaün 		4 February 1920 26 January 1921 Template:Ayd Adolphe Landry
Gabriel Guist'hau 		Raymond Poincaré
Paul Deschanel
Alexandre Millerand 		[37]
-
38 File:4-1-24, Toulon, obsèques du lieutenant Du Plessis, l'amiral Grasset (cropped).jpg Vice-amiral
Template:Ill 		26 January 1921 23 July 1924 Template:Ayd Gabriel Guist'hau
Flaminius Raiberti
Maurice Bokanowski
Désiré Ferry
Jacques-Louis Dumesnil 		Alexandre Millerand
Gaston Doumergue 		[38]
-
39 File:Contre-Amiral Salaun 01.jpg Vice-amiral
Henri Salaun 		23 July 1924 11 January 1928 Template:Ayd Jacques-Louis Dumesnil
Émile Borel
Georges Leygues
René Renoult
Georges Leygues 		Gaston Doumergue [39]
-
40 File:Louis-Hippolyte Violette EN.jpg Vice-amiral
Template:Ill 		11 January 1928 17 February 1931 Template:Ayd Georges Leygues
Albert Sarraut
Jacques-Louis Dumesnil
Albert Sarraut
Charles Dumont 		Gaston Doumergue [40]
-
41 File:Georges Edmond Just Durand-Viel (1932).jpg Vice-amiral
Georges Durand-Viel 		17 February 1931 31 December 1936 Template:Ayd Charles Dumont
Georges Leygues
[...]
François Piétri
Alphonse Duparc 		Gaston Doumergue
Paul Doumer
Albert Lebrun 		[41]
-
42 File:François Darlan.jpg AmiralTemplate:Efn
François Darlan 		31 December 1936 25 June 1939 Template:Ayd Alphonse Duparc
César Campinchi
William Bertrand
César Campinchi 		Albert Lebrun [42]
-

French State

No. Portrait Rank & Name Term Minister Commander-in-Chief Ref.Template:Efn
Took office Left office Duration
(42) File:François Darlan.jpg AmiralTemplate:Efn
François Darlan 		25 June 1939 2 September 1941 Template:Ayd César Campinchi
François Darlan 		Albert Lebrun
Philippe Pétain 		[43]
-
43 File:Gabriel Auphan 1927.jpg Contre-amiral
Gabriel Auphan 		2 September 1941 18 November 1942 Template:Ayd François Darlan Philippe Pétain [44]
-
44 File:Blanco portrait.svg Vice-amiral d'escadre
Template:Ill 		21 November 1942 1 April 1943 Template:Ayd Jean Abrial Philippe Pétain [45]
-

Fourth Republic

No. Portrait Rank & Name Term MinisterTemplate:Efn Commander-in-Chief Ref.Template:Efn
Took office Left office Duration
45 File:Portrait - André Lemonnier.jpg Vice-amiral d'escadreTemplate:Efn
André Lemonnier 		7 August 1943 28 May 1950 Template:Ayd Philippe Auboyneau
Louis Jacquinot
[...]
Paul Ramadier
René Pleven 		Charles de Gaulle
Félix Gouin
Georges Bidault
Léon Blum
Vincent Auriol 		[46]
-
46 File:Robert Battet (cropped).jpg Vice-amiral
Template:Ill 		28 May 1950 14 July 1950† Template:Ayd René Pleven
Jules Moch 		Vincent Auriol [47]
-
47 File:Blanco portrait.svg Vice-amiral
Template:Ill 		10 August 1950 26 October 1951 Template:Ayd Jules Moch
Georges Bidault 		Vincent Auriol [48]
-
48 File:Blanco portrait.svg Amiral
Template:Ill 		26 October 1951 19 May 1960 Template:Ayd Georges Bidault
René Pleven
[...]
Pierre Guillaumat
Pierre Messmer 		Vincent Auriol
René Coty
Charles de Gaulle 		-
-

Fifth Republic

No. Portrait Rank & Name Term Minister Commander-in-Chief Ref.Template:Efn
Took office Left office Duration
49 File:Blanco portrait.svg Amiral
Georges Cabanier 		19 May 1960 1 January 1968 Template:Ayd Pierre Messmer Charles de Gaulle [49]
-
50 File:André Patou.jpg Amiral
Template:Ill 		1 January 1968 1 May 1970 Template:Ayd Pierre Messmer
Michel Debré 		Charles de Gaulle
Georges Pompidou 		-
-
51 File:Blanco portrait.svg Amiral
Template:Ill 		1 May 1970 1 February 1972 Template:Ayd Michel Debré Georges Pompidou -
-
52 File:Blanco portrait.svg Amiral
Template:Ill 		1 February 1972 14 July 1974 Template:Ayd Michel Debré
Robert Galley
Jacques Soufflet
Yvon Bourges 		Georges Pompidou
Valéry Giscard d'Estaing 		-
-
53 File:Blanco portrait.svg Amiral
Template:Ill 		14 July 1974 1 August 1976 Template:Ayd Yvon Bourges Valéry Giscard d'Estaing [50]
-
54 File:Blanco portrait.svg Amiral
Template:Ill 		1 August 1976 1 August 1982 Template:Ayd Yvon Bourges
Joël Le Theule
Robert Galley
Charles Hernu 		Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
François Mitterrand 		[51]
-
55 File:Blanco portrait.svg Amiral
Template:Ill 		1 August 1982 30 January 1987 Template:Ayd Charles Hernu
Paul Quilès
André Giraud 		François Mitterrand [52]
-
56 File:Amiral Bernard Louzeau, Président de L’Œuvre d’Orient de 2 juin 1992 jusqu’au 10 juin 2008.jpg Amiral
Template:Ill 		30 January 1987 20 November 1990 Template:Ayd André Giraud
Jean-Pierre Chevènement 		François Mitterrand [53]
-
57 File:Blanco portrait.svg Amiral
Alain Coatanéa 		20 November 1990 1 July 1994 Template:Ayd Jean-Pierre Chevènement
Pierre Joxe
François Léotard 		François Mitterrand [54]
-
58 File:Blanco portrait.svg Amiral
Jean-Charles Lefebvre 		1 July 1994 2 May 1999 Template:Ayd François Léotard
Charles Millon
Alain Richard 		François Mitterrand
Jacques Chirac 		[55]
-
59 File:Blanco portrait.svg Amiral
Template:Ill 		2 May 1999 1 July 2001 Template:Ayd Alain Richard Jacques Chirac [56]
-
60 File:Blanco portrait.svg Amiral
Template:Ill 		1 July 2001 15 June 2005 Template:Ayd Alain Richard
Michèle Alliot-Marie 		Jacques Chirac [57]
[58]
61 File:Amiral de Dainville.jpg Amiral
Alain Oudot de Dainville 		15 June 2005 4 February 2008 Template:Ayd Michèle Alliot-Marie
Hervé Morin 		Jacques Chirac
Nicolas Sarkozy 		[59]
[60]
62 File:Pierre-François Forissier-2008 USA.jpg Amiral
Pierre-François Forissier 		4 February 2008 12 September 2011 Template:Ayd Hervé Morin
Alain Juppé
Gérard Longuet 		Nicolas Sarkozy [61]
-
63 File:Amiral Bernard Rogel.jpg Amiral
Bernard Rogel 		12 September 2011 13 July 2016 Template:Ayd Gérard Longuet
Jean-Yves Le Drian 		Nicolas Sarkozy
François Hollande 		[62]
[63]
64 File:Christophe Prazuck.jpg Amiral
Christophe Prazuck 		13 July 2016 1 September 2020 Template:Ayd Jean-Yves Le Drian
Sylvie Goulard
Florence Parly 		François Hollande
Emmanuel Macron 		[64]
[65]
65 File:Pierre Vandier 210915-N-TR763-2083 (cropped).jpg Amiral
Pierre Vandier 		1 September 2020 31 August 2023 Template:Ayd Florence Parly
Sébastien Lecornu 		Emmanuel Macron [66]
66 File:Nicolas Vaujour (cropped).jpg Amiral
Template:Ill 		1 September 2023 Incumbent Template:Ayd Sébastien Lecornu Emmanuel Macron

See also

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

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  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ JORF #190 - P8411 - 11 August 1950
  49. ↑ JORF #117 - P4537 - 19 May 1960
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

Template:French Military Template:French Navy navbox Template:Chief of the navy by country

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