Charter of the Arab League
Template:Short description Template:Life in the Arab League
The Charter of the Arab League (also known as the Pact of the League of Arab States) is the founding treaty of the Arab League. Concluded in 1945, the agreement aims to strengthen relations and improve cooperation in various areas between signatory Arab countries, while also respecting and preserving their sovereignty.[1] The internal regulations of the Council of the Arab League and the committees were agreed to in October 1951. Those of the Secretary-General were agreed to in May 1953.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Since then, governance of the Arab League has been based on the duality of supra-national institutions and the sovereignty of its member states.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Preservation of individual statehood derived its strengths from the natural preference of ruling elites to maintain their power and independence in decision making.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Moreover, the fear of the richer that the poorer may share their wealth in the name of Arab nationalism, the feuds among Arab rulers, and the influence of external powers that might oppose Arab unity can be seen as obstacles towards a deeper integration of the league.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Initial signatories
The Charter was concluded on 22 March 1945 by the governments of Syria, Transjordan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Egypt, and North Yemen. A state joins the Arab League by ratifying the Pact.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
According to the Charter, "the League of Arab States shall be composed of the: independent Arab States that have signed this Pact."[2]
Forms of government
The member states of the Arab League represent all forms of government, including monarchies, both absolute and constitutional, as well as republics.
| Name | Constitutional form | Head of state | Basis of executive legitimacy |
|---|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria | Republic | Executive | President is independent of the legislature; head of government is appointed by the president and is accountable to the legislature |
| File:Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain | Constitutional monarchy | Executive | Monarch holds significant executive or legislative power |
| File:Flag of the Comoros.svg Comoros | Republic | Executive | Head of state is the head of government and is independent of legislature |
| File:Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti | Republic | Executive | President is independent of the legislature; head of government is appointed by the president and is accountable to the legislature |
| File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt | Republic | Executive | President is independent of the legislature; head of government is appointed by the president and is accountable to the legislature |
| File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq | Republic | Ceremonial | Head of government is elected by and is accountable to the legislature |
| File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan | Constitutional monarchy | Executive | Monarch holds significant executive or legislative power |
| File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait | Constitutional monarchy | Executive | Monarch holds significant executive or legislative power |
| File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon | Republic | Ceremonial | Head of government is elected by and is accountable to the legislature |
| File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya | Republic | Ceremonial | Head of government is elected by and is accountable to the legislature |
| File:Flag of Mauritania.svg Mauritania | Republic | Executive | President is independent of the legislature; head of government is appointed by the president and is accountable to the legislature |
| File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco | Constitutional monarchy | Executive | Monarch holds significant executive or legislative power |
| File:Flag of Oman.svg Oman | Absolute monarchy | Executive | All authority vested in absolute monarch |
| File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar | Absolute monarchy | Executive | All authority vested in absolute monarch |
| File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia | Absolute monarchy | Executive | All authority vested in absolute monarch |
| File:Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia | Republic | Executive | President is independent of the legislature; head of government is appointed by the president and is accountable to the legislature |
| File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan | Republic | Executive | Head of state is the head of government and is independent of legislature |
| File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg Syria | Republic | Executive | President is independent of the legislature; head of government is appointed by the president and is accountable to the legislature |
| File:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia | Republic | Executive | President is independent of the legislature; head of government is appointed by the president and is accountable to the legislature |
| File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates | Constitutional monarchy | Executive | Monarch holds significant executive or legislative power |
| File:Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen | Republic | Executive | Head of state is the head of government and is independent of legislature |
Autonomous entities
Officially, Iraqi Kurdistan is the only autonomous entity in the Arab League, but several countries view Palestine as an autonomous entity within Israel. The Palestinian Authority exercises certain sovereign powers within its borders, but is not a fully independent government.[3] The Palestinian Authority administrated territories are internationally recognized as occupied by Israel. The Arab League on the other hand recognizes the State of Palestine as a fully independent state, with Jerusalem as its capital and with embassies in all of the other League member states, with the exception of Somalia.
See also
References
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- ↑ League of Arab States, Charter of Arab League, Article II, 22 March 1945, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3ab18.html
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- ↑ Status of Palestine in the UN – Non-member observer State status – SecGen report, available at: https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-182149/
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External links
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- Pages with script errors
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- Arab League treaties
- Treaties concluded in 1945
- Treaties of the Syrian Republic (1930–1963)
- Treaties of the Emirate of Transjordan
- Treaties of the Kingdom of Iraq
- Treaties of Saudi Arabia
- Treaties of the Kingdom of Egypt
- Treaties of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen
- Treaties of Lebanon
- Treaties of Algeria
- Treaties of Morocco
- Treaties of the Republic of the Sudan (1956–1969)
- Treaties of Tunisia
- Treaties of the Somali Republic
- Treaties of the United Arab Emirates
- Treaties of the Kingdom of Libya
- Treaties of Kuwait
- Treaties of Mauritania
- Treaties of Oman
- Treaties of Qatar
- Treaties of Bahrain
- Treaties of Djibouti
- Treaties of the Comoros
- Treaties of Palestine
- Treaties establishing intergovernmental organizations
- 1945 in Egypt