Chácobo-Pakawara language
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Chácobo-Pakawara is a Panoan language spoken by about 550 of 860 ethnic tribal Chácobo people of the Beni Department northwest of Magdalena, Bolivia, and (as of 2004) 17 of 50 Pakawara. Chácobo children are learning the language as a first language, but the Pakawara dialect is moribund.[1] Karipuna may have been a variant; alternative names are Jaunavô (Jau-Navo, Script error: No such module "Lang".) and Éloe.[2]
Several unattested extinct languages were reported to have been related, perhaps dialects. These include Capuibo and Sinabo/Shinabo of the Mamoré River. However, nothing is actually known of these purported languages.[3]
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Post-alv./ Palatal |
Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ||||
| Stop | p | t | k | ʔ | ||
| Affricate | t͡s | t͡ʃ | ||||
| Fricative | β | s | ʂ | ʃ | h | |
| Tap | ɽ | |||||
| Approximant | w | j |
- Sounds /t͡ʃ, ʃ/ may also be heard as palatalized [t͡ʃʲ, ʃʲ] when before vowels in free variation.
- /k/ may be heard as a voiced fricative [ɣ] when in between the positions of /ɨ/.
- /t͡ʃ/ assimilates to a retroflex [t͡ʂ] when /ʂ/ is in the following syllable.
- /n/ can be heard as [ɲ] as a realization of the sequence /ni/.
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | ɨ | o |
| Mid | |||
| Low | a |
- /o/ may be heard as [u] when occurring within the environment of high vowels.[4]
Examples
Numerals
| nicatsu | 1 |
| dafuira | 2 |
| unamarana | 3 |
| atchayuna | 4 |
| chayuna | 5 |
Pronouns
| hiasro | I |
| miani | you |
| zonihua | he/she/it/they |
| noquirzo | we |
| zunimato | you (pl.) |
Vocabulary
| chii | fire |
| huisruhuaina | rain |
| jini | water |
| mai | earth |
| oriquiti | food |
| osse | moon |
| rsepo | chicha |
| rsiqui | maize |
| vari | sun |
| vistima | star |
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Distinguish Karipuna language (Rondônia), a Tupian language, across the border in Brazil
- ↑ David Fleck, 2013, Panoan Languages and Linguistics, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History #99
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Montaño Aragon, M. Guía etnográfica lingüística de Bolivia'' La Paz: Editorial Don Bosco, 1987
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External links
- Lenguas de Bolivia Template:Webarchive (online edition)
- New Testament in Chácobo
- Chácobo (Intercontinental Dictionary Series)
- Pacahuara (Intercontinental Dictionary Series)
Template:Languages of Bolivia Template:Pano-Tacanan languages