Cerro Escorial
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Cerro Escorial is a stratovolcano at the border of Argentina and Chile. It is part of the Corrida de Cori volcanic group and its youngest member. A well-preserved Script error: No such module "convert". crater forms its summit area. Lava flows are found on the Chilean and smaller ones on the Argentinian side, the former reaching as far as Script error: No such module "convert". from the volcano. One of these is dated 342,000 years ago by argon-argon dating.[1]
Off the western coast of South America, the Nazca Plate subducts beneath the South America Plate. This process has given rise to the Andes mountain chain and the Altiplano-Puna high plateau, which formed through shortening of the crust that lasted until 1 million years ago. Cerro Escorial rises from the Puna, which is dissected at Cerro Escorial by the Archibarca lineament; it is a strike-slip fault that has facilitated the ascent of magma.[2]
Andesite lavas were erupted during the Miocene and Pliocene.[2] Hydrothermal alteration has affected an area Script error: No such module "convert". from the crater.[3] A Plinian eruption on Escorial was the source of the dacitic Escorial ignimbrite,[4][5] which is also known as the Corrida de Cori ignimbrite or Caletones Cori ignimbrite.[2] Pulsed changes in the magma supply during the eruption generated a radial ignimbrite structure which was deposited in various flows. The source magma underwent significant crustal contamination and contains quartz veins, indicating that the ignimbrite interacted with a buried hydrothermal system.[5] Lithic clasts including basement material are also present. The ignimbrite has a volume of about Script error: No such module "convert". and was erupted 460,000±10,000 years ago.[4] The eruption of the ignimbrite was followed by more lava eruptions and the formation of a Holocene cinder cone. Present-day activity is of hydrothermal nature[2] and the absence of infrastructure and human population in the region mean that renewed activity is unlikely to have an impact.[3] It is considered to be Argentina's 28th most dangerous volcano.[6]
A sulfur mine lies Script error: No such module "convert". southwest of Escorial.[1] Mining ceased about 1983.[4]
See also
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Sources
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