Cerithiidae
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
Cerithiidae, common name the cerithiids or ceriths, is a large family of medium-sized marine gastropods in the clade Sorbeoconcha.
Distribution
Ceriths are found worldwide on sandy bottoms, reef flats or coral reef rock covered with sand and algae in the sublittoral zoneScript error: No such module "Unsubst". of warm or temperate waters. Most are found in tropical areas. A few occur along the European coastline and about 30 species in two genera are found along the American coast. A few species occur in estuarine areas of mangrove forests close to the sea. Only a few species of the subfamily Bittiinae are found in deep water. Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Diet
Ceriths are herbivores and detritivores that graze the sea bed.
Description
Their slender shell is elongated with a pointed spire. They vary in size from 3 mm (Bittium alternatum) to 150 mm (Cerithium nodulosum). The smallest shells are found in the subfamily Bittiinae.
The many whorls have radial sculpture with axial ridges and nodules. The aperture shows at its base a vague curve or a distinct siphonal canal. The aperture is closed off by a thin oval brown operculum that is corneous and paucispiral. The palatal wall of the aperture is somewhat enlarged and often shows a varix.
The taenioglossan radula has seven teeth in each row. The single rachidian tooth is flanked on each side by one rhomboidal lateral tooth and two long, hook-like marginal teeth.
Taxonomy
Subfamilies
The following three subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):[1]
- Alabininae Dall, 1927
- Bittiinae Cossmann, 1906[2]
- Cerithiinae Fleming, 1822 - synonyms: Rhinoclavinae Gründel, 1982; Colininae Golikov & Starobogatov, 1987
Bandel (2006)[3] used different classification: Bittiinae on its own family level named Diastomatidae (overview of WoRMS).
Some authors classify Argyropezinae Bandel, 2006 as a synonym of Bittiinae.[4]
Genera
The following genera are recognised in the family Cerithiidae:[5]
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- Alabina Dall, 1902Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - type genus of the subfamily Alabininae, the type species of the genus Alabina is extinct[1]
- Argyropeza Melvill & Standen, 1901Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- †Bezanconia P. Fischer, 1884Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Bittiolum Cossmann, 1906Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Bittium J. E. Gray, 1847Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - type genus of the subfamily Bittiinae,[1]
- †Bogatschevia A. A. Ali-Zade & Kabakova, 1969Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Cacozeliana Strand, 1928Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Cassiella Gofas, 1987Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- †Cerithidella Stache, 1889Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Cerithidium Monterosato, 1884Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Cerithioclava Olsson & Harbison, 1953Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Cerithium Bruguière, 1789Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - type genus of the subfamily Cerithiinae,[1]
- †Chavanicerithium Ludbrook, 1957Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Clavocerithium Cossmann, 1920Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Clypeomorus Jousseaume, 1888Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Colina H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- †Conocerithium Sacco, 1895Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Dahlakia H. E. J. Biggs, 1971Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Fastigiella Reeve, 1848Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- †Globulocerithium Pacaud, 2023Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Glyptozaria Iredale, 1924Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gourmya P. Fischer, 1884Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Ittibittium Houbrick, 1993Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- †Jetwoodsia Ludbrook, 1971Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Limatium E. E. Strong & Bouchet, 2018Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Liocerithium Tryon, 1887Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Lirobittium Bartsch, 1911Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- †Manulona Ludbrook, 1941Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- †Megistocerithium Kase, 2015Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- †Mesostomella Stache, 1889Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Neostylidium Doweld, 2013Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- †Occidentocerithium Nützel, Blodgett & Stanley, 2003Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- †Orthochetus Cossmann, 1889Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- †Peraubium Dominici & Kowalke, 2014Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Pictorium E. E. Strong & Bouchet, 2013Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- †Pseudoaluco B. L. Clark, 1946Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Pseudovertagus Vignal, 1904Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- †Ptychocerithium Sacco, 1895Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Rhinoclavis Swainson, 1840Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Royella Iredale, 1912Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- †Semibittium Cossmann, 1896Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- †Taxonia H. J. Finlay, 1926Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- †Texmelanatria K. van W. Palmer, 1942Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Varicopeza Gründel, 1976Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Zebittium H. J. Finlay, 1926Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- †Zefallacia H. J. Finlay, 1926Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
References
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- ↑ a b c d Template:Bouchet 2005
- ↑ Cossmann (1906). Essais de paléoconchologie comparée 7: 64, 137.
- ↑ Bandel K. (2006). "Families of the Cerithioidea and related superfamilies (Palaeo-Caenogastropoda; Mollusca) from the Triassic to the Recent characterized by protoconch morphology - including the description of new taxa". Freiberger Forschungshefte C 511: 59-138. PDFScript error: No such module "Unsubst"..
- ↑ Gofas, S. (2011). Bittiinae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=411649 on 2011-06-26
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- Houbrick R. S. (1978). The family Cerithiidae in the Indo-Pacific. Part 1. The genera Rhinoclavis, Pseudovertagus and Clavocerithium. Monographs of Marine Mollusca 1: 1–130.
- Houbrick R. S. (1992). Monograph of the genus Cerithium Bruguiere in the Indo-Pacific (Cerithiidae--Prosobranchia). 211 p., Smithsonian Institution Press (Washington, D.C.)], PDF.
- Wood, Elvira. The Phylogeny of Certain Cerithidae, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Volume XXIV, New York, May 1910, pp. 1–92, Pl. I-IX.
External links
- Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California; United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642 Template:PD-notice
- Houbrick, Richard S. "Phylogenetic relationships and generic review of the Bittiinae (Prosobranchia: Cerithioidea)." Malacologia (1993).
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