Cecidomyiinae

File:Asphondylia solidaginis side view.jpg

Asphondylia solidaginis

File:Rhopalomyia solidaginis adult.jpg

Rhopalomyia solidaginis

File:Vitisiella larva.jpg

Vitisiella larva

File:Dasineura pellex galls leaf.jpg

Galls of Dasineura pellex on leaf of ash tree (Fraxinus)

The Cecidomyiinae, commonly known as gall midges or gall gnats, is the largest subfamily in Cecidomyiidae with over 600 genera and more than 5000 described species. Larvae of the other (basal) cecidomyiid subfamilies feed on fungi; whereas this subfamily is best known for its members that induce galls on plants. However, there are also many species of Cecidomyiinae that are fungivores, parasitoids, or predators as maggots.

Herbivorous species make up about 75% of the Cecidomyiinae; many are gall-inducers, infecting a wide diversity of plants. They are found world-wide and are the most ecologically diverse gall-inducing group of organisms. Most develop in one or a few closely related host-plant species. In three tribes (Asphondyliini, Alycaulini and Lasiopterini) the midges are associated with specific fungi; these have been termed 'ambrosia gallers' because the fungi line the inner walls of the galls, in a similar way to those in the galleries of ambrosia beetles. Some of the herbivorous species are inquilines, developing in galls that were initiated by a different midge species. Most species in the genus Macrolabis and the tribes Trotteriini and Camptoneuromyiini are inquilines, but there are also many inquiline species in genera that are predominantly gall-inducing (such as Dasineura and Lasioptera).

Predatory and parasitoid species comprise about 12% of the Cecidomyiinae. Larvae of these species attack other arthropods - there are known predators of mites, aphids, scale insects, dragonfly eggs, and endoparasitoids of Hemiptera. Most are found in the tribes Aphidoletini and Lestodiplosini.

Fungivores make up much of the remainder of the subfamily, indicating the retention of (or reversion to) the ancestral food source.

Systematics

Cecidomyiinae is monophyletic and species of the subfamily can be distinguished from other Cecidomyiidae by characters of the male genitalia, the number of antennal segments, and bristles on the larval abdomen.

The Cecidomyiinae are divided into five supertribes, which contain the following tribes, and selected genera:

Asphondyliidi

• Tribe Asphondyliini
  • Asphondylia Loew, 1850
• Tribe Kiefferiini
  • Kiefferia Mik, 1895
• Tribe Polystephini
  • Polystepha Kieffer, 1897
• Tribe Schizomyiini
  • Placochela Rübsaamen, 1916
  • Schizomyia Kieffer, 1889

Brachineuridi

• tribe Brachineurini

1. Acinacistyla Template:Au
2. Alatostyla Template:Au
3. Brachineura Template:Au
4. Loborrhizomyia Template:Au

• tribe Rhizomyiini - monotypic

1. Rhizomyia Template:Au

• incertae sedis

1. Brachyneurina Template:Au
2. Chrybaneura Template:Au
3. Cingola Template:Au
4. Coccidomyia Template:Au
5. Compositola Template:Au
6. Effusomyia Template:Au
7. Epimyia Template:Au
8. Epimyiella Template:Au
9. Nodalistyla Template:Au
10. Stabiliola Template:Au
11. Undoneura Template:Au
12. Volsatiola Template:Au

Cecidomyiidi

• Tribe Anadiplosini
• Tribe Aphidoletini
• Tribe Cecidomyiini

1. Acacidiplosis Template:Au
2. Acerovesiculomyia Template:Au
3. Anisostephus Template:Au
4. Austroacacidiplosis Template:Au
5. Caryadiplosis Template:Au
6. Caryomyia Template:Au
7. Cecidomyia Template:Au
8. Cerciplanus Template:Au
9. Chamaediplosis Template:Au
10. Contarinia Template:Au
11. Efferatodiplosis Template:Au
12. Garugadiplosis Template:Au
13. Gobidiplosis Template:Au
14. Halodiplosis Template:Au
15. Lobopteromyia Template:Au
16. Macrodiplosis Template:Au
17. Paradiplosis Template:Au
18. Parkiamyia Template:Au
19. Phyllodiplosis Template:Au
20. Pinyonia Template:Au
21. Plemeliella Template:Au
22. Procontarinia Template:Au
23. Prodiplosis Template:Au
24. Psephodiplosis Template:Au
25. Sequoiomyia Template:Au
26. Sphaerodiplosis Template:Au
27. Stenodiplosis Template:Au
28. Taxodiomyia Template:Au
29. Thecodiplosis Template:Au
30. Zeuxidiplosis Template:Au

• Tribe Centrodiplosini

1. Centrodiplosis Template:Au
2. Cystodiplosis Template:Au
3. Jorgensenia Template:Au

• Tribe Clinodiplosini - selected genera
  • Clinodiplosis Template:Au
  • Schismatodiplosis Rübsaamen, 1916
• Tribe Hormomyiini - monotypic

1. Planetella Template:Au

• Tribe Karshomyiini
• Tribe Lestodiplosini
• Tribe Lopesiini
• Tribe Mycodiplosini
• Cecidomyiidi incertae sedis

1. Acanthacidiplosis Template:Au
2. Acodiplosis Template:Au
3. Aculeatodiplosis Template:Au
4. Afrodiplosis Template:Au
5. Ampelosucta Template:Au
6. Anabremia Template:Au
7. Anasphodiplosis Template:Au
8. Andirodiplosis Template:Au
9. Anisodiplosis Template:Au
10. Antichiridium Template:Au
11. Apagodiplosis Template:Au
12. Aplecus Template:Au
13. Apodiplosis Template:Au
14. Arrabiadaeamyia Template:Au
15. Aschistonyx Template:Au
16. Asphotrophia Template:Au
17. Astrodiplosis Template:Au
18. Athidiplosis Template:Au
19. Atopodiplosis Template:Au
20. Atrichosema Template:Au
21. Austrodiplosis Template:Au
22. Baeodiplosis Template:Au
23. Bicornidiplosis Template:Au
24. Blaesodiplosis Template:Au
25. Blastodiplosis Template:Au
26. Brachydiplosis Template:Au
27. Braueriella Template:Au
28. Brephometra Template:Au
29. Buhriella Template:Au
30. Bungomyia Template:Au
31. Cacoplecus Template:Au
32. Callitridiplosis Template:Au
33. Calodiplosis Template:Au
34. Calyptradiplosis Template:Au
35. Carinatidiplosis Template:Au
36. Chaetodiplosis Template:Au
37. Chrysodiplosis Template:Au
38. Cleitodiplosis Template:Au
39. Clusiamyia Template:Au
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65. Eucalyptodiplosis Template:Au
66. Eumerosema Template:Au
67. Exiguidiplosis Template:Au
68. Filidiplosis Template:Au
69. Flexipidiplosis Template:Au
70. Frauenfeldiella Template:Au
71. Geromyia Template:Au
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73. Gigantodiplosis Template:Au
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85. Horidiplosis Template:Au
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87. Hygrodiplosis Template:Au
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89. Inulomyia Template:Au
90. Kamptodiplosis Template:Au
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92. Kitella Template:Au
93. Kronodiplosis Template:Au
94. Lasiodiplosis Template:Au
95. Lepidobremia Template:Au
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97. Lianodiplosis Template:Au
98. Liebeliola Template:Au
99. Ligulodiplosis Template:Au
100. Loewiola Template:Au
101. Lophodiplosis Template:Au
102. Magadiplosis Template:Au
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113. Mikaniadiplosis Template:Au
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118. Mycetodiplosis Template:Au
119. Mycocecis Template:Au
120. Myricomyia Template:Au
121. Nanodiplosis Template:Au
122. Neobaezomyia Template:Au
123. Octodiplosis Template:Au
124. Odinadiplosis Template:Au
125. Oligoxenomyia Template:Au
126. Olpodiplosis Template:Au
127. Oribremia Template:Au
128. Orseolia Template:Au
129. Orthodiplosis Template:Au
130. Ouradiplosis Template:Au
131. Pachydiplosis Template:Au
132. Perodiplosis Template:Au
133. Pilodiplosis Template:Au
134. Pipaldiplosis Template:Au
135. Pitydiplosis Template:Au
136. Platydiplosis Template:Au
137. Plecophorus Template:Au
138. Plectrodiplosis Template:Au
139. Plesiodiplosis Template:Au
140. Plutodiplosis Template:Au
141. Poridiplosis Template:Au
142. Proterodiplosis Template:Au
143. Pruthidiplosis Template:Au
144. Punarnavomyia Template:Au
145. Putoniella Template:Au
146. Quadridiplosis Template:Au
147. Raodiplosis Template:Au
148. Resseliella Template:Au
149. Rotadiplosis Template:Au
150. Ruidadiplosis Template:Au
151. Schizodiplosis Template:Au
152. Setodiplosis Template:Au
153. Sicituradastra Template:Au
154. Silvestriola Template:Au
155. Skusemyia Template:Au
156. Stenohypodiplosis Template:Au
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158. Streptodiplosis Template:Au
159. Stroblophila Template:Au
160. Styraxdiplosis Template:Au
161. Tetradiplosis Template:Au
162. Thaumadiplosis Template:Au
163. Thorodiplosis Template:Au
164. Thurauia Template:Au
165. Tokiwadiplosis Template:Au
166. Tollereadastra Template:Au
167. Tribremia Template:Au
168. Tricholaba Template:Au
169. Tricontarinia Template:Au
170. Trigonodiplosis Template:Au
171. Trilobomyia Template:Au
172. Trilobophora Template:Au
173. Triommata Template:Au
174. Trissodiplosis Template:Au
175. Trogodiplosis Template:Au
176. Ussuridiplosis Template:Au
177. Vaccinidiplosis Template:Au
178. Xenasphondylia Template:Au
179. Xenhormomyia Template:Au
180. Xenodiplosis Template:Au
181. Xylodiplosis Template:Au
182. Youngomyia Template:Au

Lasiopteridi

• Tribe Alycaulini - selected genera:
  • Alycaulus
  • Asteromyia
  • Astictoneura
  • Neolasioptera
• Tribe Brachineurini
  • Brachineura Rondani, 1840
  • Brachyneurina Mamaev, 1967
  • Mikiola Kieffer, 1912
  • Prolauthia Rübsaamen, 1915
• Tribe Lasiopterini
  • Baldratia Kieffer, 1897
  • Hybolasioptera Rübsaamen, 1915
  • Lasioptera Fischer von Waldheim\nMeigen, 1818
  • Ozirhincus Rondani, 1840
  • Stefaniella Kieffer, 1898
• Tribe Ledomyiini
  • Ledomyia Kieffer, 1895
• Tribe Oligotrophini - selected genera:
  • Craneiobia Kieffer, 1913
  • Cystiphora Kieffer, 1892
  • Dasineura Rondani, 1840
  • Iteomyia Kieffer, 1913
  • Janetiella Kieffer, 1898
  • Mayetiola Kieffer, 1896
  • Oligotrophus Latreille, 1805
  • Rabdophaga Westwood, 1847
  • Rhopalomyia Rübsaamen, 1892
  • Sackenomyia Felt, 1908

Stomatosematidi

All genera:

1. Didactylomyia Template:Au
2. Stomatosema Template:Au

See also

• List of Cecidomyiinae genera