Caroverine
Template:Short description Template:Drugbox
Caroverine is an antispasmodic drug used in Austria and Switzerland to relieve spasms in smooth muscles, as well as to treat cerebrovascular diseases and tinnitus.[1]
Chemically, it is a quinoxalineone[2] and is available in both a base and hydrochloric acid forms.[1]
Pharmacology
Pharmacologically, it has been described as a nonspecific calcium channel blocker and as an antagonist of the NMDA receptor and other receptors.[3][4]
History
It was discovered in Austria in the 1950s[3] and was developed by Austrian company Phafag AG.[3]
Its international nonproprietary name (INN), caroverine, was proposed in 1972.[5]
Society and culture
Brand names
As of 2018, it was marketed under the brand names Spasmium and Tinnitin in Austria, and under the brand Tinnex in India.[6]
Research
An intravenous formulation was tested in a single-blinded study in tinnitus that published in 1997 and had positive results; an effort to replicate those results failed to show any effect,[4] and more people had their condition worsen than experienced benefit.[3] Pilot studies using a spray formulation for tinnitus published in 2005.[7]
In 2010 Phafag licensed rights to caroverine to the Indian company, Lincoln Pharmaceuticals, to develop the drug for tinnitus in India.[8] Lincoln first marketed it for that purpose in India in 2011.[9]
As of 2016 it had been studied in a small clinical trial in people with loss of the sense of smell.[10]
References
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