Carl Flügge
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Script error: No such module "Template wrapper".Script error: No such module "Check for clobbered parameters". Carl Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Flügge (12 September 1847 – 10 December 1923) was a German bacteriologist and hygienist. His finding that pathogens were present in expiratory droplets, the eponymous Flügge droplets, laid the foundations for the concept of droplet transmission as a route for the spread of respiratory infectious diseases.
Biography
Originally from Hanover, Carl Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Flügge studied medicine in Göttingen, Bonn, Leipzig and Munich. In 1878 he taught hygiene in Berlin. In 1881 Flügge became the first chair of hygiene at the University of Göttingen, and afterwards was a professor at the Universities of Breslau and Berlin, where he succeeded Max Rubner (1854–1932) at the Department of Hygiene.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Flügge was a colleague of microbiologist Robert Koch (1843–1910), with whom he co-edited the journal Zeitschrift für Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten.[1] Two of his better-known assistants at Breslau were Wolfgang Weichardt (1875–1943) and Walther Kruse (1864–1943).
Research
Flügge is known for advocating hygiene as an independent medical discipline, and is remembered for performing extensive research involving the transmission of infectious diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis and cholera.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". In the 1890s, he demonstrated that even during "quiet speech", minute droplets – the Flügge droplets – are propelled into the air.[2] The finding was instrumental in Jan Mikulicz-Radecki (1850–1905) advocating the use of surgical gauze masks in 1897,[3] and was the foundation for the modern concept of droplet transmission.[4]
Publications
Among his publications are two important books on hygiene:
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Other works include:
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Articles include:
- Die Verbreitung der Phthise durch staubförmiges Sputum und durch beim Husten verspritzte Tröpfchen. Zeitschrift für Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten volume 30, pages 107–124 (1899)
References
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Bibliography
- Lehrbuch der hygienischen Untersuchungsmethoden
- The Gospel of Germs: Men, Women, and the Microbe in American Life
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