Caracu
Template:Short description Template:Infobox cattle breed
The Caracu is a Brazilian breed of beef cattle.[1]Template:R/superscript It is a Criollo breed, derived from European cattle brought to Brazil by the conquistadors; it has little or no zebuine influence.[2]Template:R/superscript It was originally a triple-purpose breed, used for draught work and transport, for meat and for milk; in the twenty-first century it is reared principally for beef, but there are also dairy lines. It has contributed to the development of a number of other breeds, among them the Caldeano.[3]Template:R/superscript It is closely similar to the Mocho Nacional, a polled breed, and it is probable that the two will be merged.
History
The Caracu derives from cattle brought from Portugal to Brazil by the conquistadors from 1532 onwards.[4]Template:R/superscript It is not known of what type these were, but they may have been similar to the modern Alentejana, Arouquesa, Barrosã, Minhota or Mirandesa breeds.[2]Template:R/superscript
The Caracu originated in the southern part of Minas Gerais, and later spread into the state of São Paulo.[4]Template:R/superscript An early description is that of Nicolas Athanassof in 1911.[2]Template:R/superscript A breed association, the Script error: No such module "Lang"., was formed in 1916.[5]Template:R/superscript
In 1913 an influential book by Eduardo Cotrim on cattle-rearing in Brazil, with many colour illustrations, was published in Brussels.[6]Template:R/superscript[7]Template:R/superscript It was highly critical of both Brazilian methods and Brazilian cattle, and may have initiated a decline in numbers of the Caracu, which fell steeply during much of the twentieth century as a result of cross-breeding with zebuine or other taurine breeds, coming close to the point of extinction.[4]Template:R/superscript[6]Template:R/superscript
In 1976 the Instituto de Zootecnia of Sertãozinho, in the state of São Paulo, added the Caracu to its research programme; in 1980 the breed association, which had been dormant since 1960, became active again.[6]Template:R/superscript Numbers increased rapidly: from 12,000 in 1979, the population rose to about 31,000 head in 1994, and to over 85,000 in 2010.[4]Template:R/superscript[8]Template:R/superscript In 2020 the total number reported was just over 162,000.[8]Template:R/superscript
References
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- ↑ A.C.A.P.M. Geraldo, Alfredo Manuel Franco Pereira, J.C.M. Nogueira Filho, E.A.L. Titto (2011). Behavioral aspects of Caracu and Red Angus cattle breeds in a pasture with shade and water immersion. 62nd Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production, Stavanger, Norway.
- ↑ a b c Aristeu Mendes Peixoto, Francisco Ferraz de Toledo. Enciclopédia agrícola brasileira: C-D, Volumen 2 (in Portuguese). EdUSP, 1998. Template:ISBN.
- ↑ Marleen Felius (1995). Cattle Breeds: An Encyclopedia. Doetinchem, Netherlands: Misset. Template:ISBN.
- ↑ a b c d Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. Template:ISBN.
- ↑ Sobre a ABC Caracu (in Portuguese). Palmas, Paraná: Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Caracu. Accessed April 2022.
- ↑ a b c Caracu (in Portuguese). Lavras, Minas Gerais: Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade Federal de Lavras. Extract from: R. dos Santos (1999). Os Cruzamentos na Pecuária Tropical (in Portuguese, English and Spanish). Uberaba: Agropecuária Tropical.
- ↑ Eduardo Cotrim (1913). A Fazenda Moderna: guia do criador de gado bovino no Brasil (in Portuguese). Brussels: V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet.
- ↑ a b Breed data sheet: Caracu / Brazil (Cattle). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed April 2022.
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