Canchim

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The Canchim is a modern Brazilian breed of beef cattle. It was developed from about 1940 in São Paulo State by cross-breeding Brazilian zebuine cattle – Indubrasil, Guzerá and Nelore – with bulls of the French Charolais breed.

History

Cattle of the French Charolais breed of beef cattle were imported to Brazil in 1922 by the national ministry of agriculture and taken to the government breeding farm of Urutaí, in the state of Goiás.[1]Template:R/superscript In 1936 they were moved to another government breeding farm, the Fazenda de Criação at São Carlos in the state of São Paulo; this farm had earlier been known as the Fazenda Canchim,Template:Efn and later became the Centro Nacional de Pesquisa do Sudeste of the Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária.[2]Template:R/superscript There, under the direction of Antônio Teixeira Viana, Charolais bulls from the herd were used from about 1940 in an experimental programme of cross-breeding with Brazilian zebuine cattle of various breeds, with the aim of developing a taurindicine hybrid which would combine the environmental adaptation of the zebu with the productive qualities – including growth rate and meat yield – of the European breed.[3]Template:R/superscript[2]Template:R/superscript[4]Template:R/superscript[5]Template:R/superscript

Two possible lines of development were explored, both starting from the mating of a zebu cow to a Charolais bull; the first-generation (F1) crosses were thus 50% zebu and 50% European. Mating F1 cows to a Charolais bull gave rise to a second-generation (F2) hybrid with 25% zebu genes, and mating these F2 cows to a zebu bull resulted in stock with 62.5% zebuine and 37.5% European inheritance; reversing the order of the bulls used to sire the second and third generations resulted in the reverse F3 mix, with 37.5% zebuine and 62.5% European genes.[1]Template:R/superscript In both schemes, the F3 hybrids were then bred together. The stock with 5/8 zebu blood was found to be rustic but highly variable, and to show little productive improvement over the original zebu stock, while those with 5/8 Charolais blood were found to be well-conformed, fast-growing and consistent, with good tolerance of insects and heat; these were the foundation of the Canchim.[2]Template:R/superscript

A total of 368 zebu cows were used to produce the F1 generation, of which almost 80% were Indubrasil, and the remainder Guzerá and Nelore; fewer than half of these are in the ancestry of the Canchim, which also includes 53 Charolais bulls, 4 Guzerá and 8 Indubrasil.[5]Template:R/superscript

The first Canchim calves were born in 1953, and the herd was then kept closed until a second phase of cross-breeding was begun in either 1986[6]Template:R/superscript or 1990.[7]Template:R/superscript

A breed society, the Script error: No such module "Lang"., was formed in 1971, and a herd-book was established in the same year.[8]Template:R/superscript The breed was officially recognised in 1972.[2]Template:R/superscript

The Canchim constitutes approximately Script error: No such module "val". of the national beef herd.[9]Template:R/superscript

Characteristics

Body weights for bulls are usually in the range Script error: No such module "val"., although there are records of a bull weighing Script error: No such module "val".; cows usually weigh some Script error: No such module "val"..[6]Template:R/superscript Bulls have a small hump.[8]Template:R/superscript The coat is similar to that of the Charolais, varying from white to cream-coloured.[6]Template:R/superscript

Notes

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References

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  1. ↑ a b Formação da raça In Portuguese). Associação Brasileira dos Criadores de Canchim. Archived 12 September 2024.
  2. ↑ a b c d Julio Seabra Inglez Souza, ‎Aristeu Mendes Peixoto, ‎Francisco Ferraz de Toledo, Klaus Reinhardt (1995). Enciclopédia agrícola brasileira, volume 2, C-D (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Editora da Universidade de São Paulo. Template:Isbn.
  3. ↑ Arthur da Silva Mariante, Concepta McManus, José Francisco Mendonça (editors) (2003). Country Report on the State of Animal Genetic Resources: Brazil. Brasília: Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology. Template:Catalog lookup linkScript error: No such module "check isxn"., 99. Annex to: Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Template:Isbn. Archived 17 July 2021.
  4. ↑ Canchim Cattle. Brasília: Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária. Archived 5 October 2011.
  5. ↑ a b A raça Canchim In Portuguese). Associação Brasileira dos Criadores de Canchim. Archived 13 September 2024.
  6. ↑ a b c Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. Template:Isbn.
  7. ↑ V.R.N. Gaviolli, M.E. Buzanskas, V.A.R. Cruz, R.P. Savegnago, D.P. Munari, A.R. Freitas, M.M. Alencar (2012). https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13353-012-0100-6 Genetic associations between weight at maturity and maturation rate with ages and weights at first and second calving in Canchim beef cattle]. Journal of Applied Genetics. 53 (3): 331–335. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers"..
  8. ↑ a b Valerie Porter, Ian Lauder Mason (2002). Mason's World Dictionary of Livestock Breeds, Types, and Varieties (fifth edition). Wallingford: CABI. Template:Isbn.
  9. ↑ Marcos Eli Buzanskas, Daniela do Amaral Grossi, Ricardo Vieira Ventura, Flavio Schramm Schenkel, Tatiane Cristina Seleguim Chud, Nedenia Bonvino Stafuzza, Luciana Diniz Rola, Sarah Laguna Conceição Meirelles, Fabiana Barichello Mokry, Maurício de Alvarenga Mudadu, Roberto Hiroshi Higa, Marcos Vinícius Gualberto Barbosa da Silva, Maurício Mello de Alencar, Luciana Correia de Almeida Regitano, Danísio Prado Munari (2017). Candidate genes for male and female reproductive traits in Canchim beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology. 8, article number 67. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers"..

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Further reading

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Template:Cattle breeds of Brazil Template:Taurindicine cattle

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