Canarium australianum
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Canarium australianum, commonly known as scrub turpentine, is a species of tree in the family Burseraceae native to Australia and Papua New Guinea. Other common names include mango bark, carrot wood, parsnip wood, Melville Island white beech and brown cudgerie.[1][2][3]
Description
Canarium australianum is a tree growing up to Template:Cvt tall. The trunk has a rough grey bark and it may be buttressed. The large compound leaves can reach Template:Cvt in length with between 7 and 15 leaflets that usually measure about Template:Cvt, sometimes larger. The leaflets are normally Template:Botanygloss; the midrib and lateral veins are raised on the upper surface, and have a distinctive pale yellow colour.Template:R
The inflorescences are panicles about Template:Cvt long produced from the Template:Botanygloss. Flowers are fragrant and have 3 pale green or cream petals measuring about Template:Cvt long. This species is dioecious, meaning that Template:Botanygloss (functionally female) and Template:Botanygloss (functionally male) flowers are borne on separate plants.Template:R
The fruit is a dark blue or grey, ovoid drupe measuring Template:Cvt long and containing a single seed.Template:R
Taxonomy
This species was first described by the Victorian state botanist Ferdinand von Mueller, based on material supplied to him from the Burdekin River by Eugene Fitzalan, and by Mr Henne who collected specimens from Sweers and Bentinck Islands in the Gulf of Carpentaria. It was published in Mueller's book Fragmenta phytographiæ Australiæ in 1862.Template:R
Subspecies
Three varieties are recognised:Template:R
- C. australianum var. australianum F.Muell.
- C. australianum var. glabrum Leenh. — styptic tree, jalgir (Bardi language) — type specimen from Bickerton Island in the Gulf of CarpentariaTemplate:R
- C. australianum var. velutinum Hewson —jalgir (Bardi language) — type specimen from Cape Domett, north of Kununurra, Western AustraliaTemplate:R
Distribution and habitat
The scrub turpentine is widely distributed across northern Australia from the Kimberley region of Western Australia, through the Northern Territory to eastern Queensland, where it is found from the Torres Strait Islands southwards almost as far as Mackay.Template:R It also occurs in New Guinea.Template:R It inhabits rainforest, monsoon forest and open forests at altitudes from near sea level to about Template:Cvt.Template:R
All three varieties are found in Australia, while only the varieties C.a. australianum and C.a. glabrum occur in New Guinea.Template:R
Gallery
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Seedling
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Young sapling
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Tree in Cairns Botanic Gardens
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Foliage
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Trunk
References
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External links
- Information about Canarium australianum from Townsville City Council's Natural Assets Database
- View a map of herbarium records of this species at the Australasian Virtual Herbarium
- View observations of this species on iNaturalist
- See images of this species on Flickriver.com