Calocaerus
Template:Infobox Roman emperor Calocaerus (Greek: Καλόκαιρος; –334 AD) was a Roman usurper against Emperor Constantine I, who, in 334 AD, staged a short lived revolt in Cyprus. His revolt was quickly put down, and he was executed along with his commanders, by being burned alive.
History
Before the revolt, Calocaerus had served in the role of Magister pecoris camelorum ("Master of the Flock and Camels") in Cyprus according to the historian Aurelius Victor.[1]Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Whether his unusual title implies some military command ("captain of the camel corps")[2] or merely a servile position ("leading shepherd slave")[3] is uncertain, though in any event there were no camels in Cyprus in that era.[4] He had been assigned to this position by Emperor Constantine I in 330 AD.Template:Sfn During the time period of the revolt, imperial power and legitimacy was based almost entirely upon military power. In order to become and remain emperor, a usurper needed a large and loyal army. Due to this, there were a large number of ephemeral revolts, which were either rapidly put down by the incumbent emperor, or else had their usurper killed by his own troops.Template:Sfn
Calocaerus revolted in Cyprus in 334 AD, proclaiming himself emperor. He was swiftly defeated by Flavius Dalmatius, the half-brother of Emperor Constantine I. After being defeated, he was taken to Tarsus in Cilicia, and burned alive, along with his commanders.Template:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn It is likely that Calocaerus' low status (that of a Magister pecoris camelorum), had an influence in the low amount of support he received, leading to his quick demise.Template:Sfn Dalmatius gathered evidence that a bastard son of Licinius, who had been emperor before Constantine I, was involved. This son had been legitimized by edict, and survived the downfall of his father, and still held a high, although unrecorded, rank in the Roman Empire. Dalmatius used this evidence to either execute or enslave the bastard son.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
References
Ancient sources
- Theophanes 43B.Template:Sfn
- Jerome Chron. 334.Template:Sfn
Citations
Books
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Further reading
- Arnold Hugh Martin Jones, J. (EDT) Morris, J. R. (John Robert) Martindale, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Cambridge University Press, 1971, Template:ISBN.
- DiMaio, Michael, "Calocaerus (333/334 A.D.)", De Imperatoribus Romanis
- ↑ Aur. Vict. Caes. 41,11.
- ↑ George Hill, (1940, reprint 2010) A History of Cyprus, vol. 1 (New York: Cambridge University Press), p. 244.
- ↑ Bruno Bleckmann (2006) “Calocaerus”, in: Brill's New Pauly, Antiquity volumes edited by: Hubert Cancik and , Helmuth Schneider, English Edition by: Christine F. Salazar, Classical Tradition volumes edited by: Manfred Landfester, English Edition by: Francis G. Gentry. Consulted online on 12 April 2018 <https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e224910>
- ↑ Hill 1940, p. 244