Calandrinia

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Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox

Calandrinia is a genus of flowering plants known as purslanes and redmaids. It includes 37 species of annual and perennial herbs which bear colorful flowers in shades of red to purple and white. Species of this genus are native to the Americas, including western and southern South America, Central America, and western North America.[1][2] Some species have been introduced to parts of Australia, New Zealand, southern Africa, Asia, and Europe.[1] Over 60 species native to Australia and New Guinea that were formerly included in Calandrinia are now placed in a separate genus, Rumicastrum or Parakeelya.[3] A single eastern Australian species named in 2022, Calandrinia petrophila, is still included in Calandrinia, but will be placed into the Australian genus when the name of the new genus is finally settled.[4]

Description

Species in the genus Calandrinia are annual or perennial herbaceous plants with a sprawling or erect habit. The leaves are mostly basal and may be either alternate or opposite in arrangement. Flowers are produced in cymes. Each flower produces between four and eleven petals, though often five. Flowers may be white, purple, pink, red, or yellow.[5][6][7]

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Taxonomy

The genus Calandrinia was erected in 1823 by German botanist Carl Sigismund Kunth.[8][9] It was named for Jean Louis Calandrini (1703–1758), a Genevan botanist.[6]

Approximately 74 Calandrinia species are native to Australia.[10] Along with the pigweeds (Portulaca species), Calandrinia are the most prominent succulent species in Australia.[11] The Australian Calandrinia were traditionally considered to be monophyletic (share the same ancestry) with 14 Calandrinia species from the Americas, and are still classified as belonging to the same genus.[12] However, in 1987 Australian taxonomist Roger Carolin proposed that the American and Australian Calandrinia are not closely related to each other based on morphological analyses. Follow-up studies also supported two different lineages, based in part on the absence of Calandrinia on islands along possible dispersal pathways between South America and Australia and in part on genomic data.[13][10]

Despite this, the nomenclature has not been officially changed for all Australian Calandrinia, including C. balonensis. Although the need for a nomenclature change is widely agreed, a debate has arisen over the appropriate naming of the Australian Calandrinia.[3] A proposal has been made to rename the genus as Parakeelya on the grounds that it is used as a common name for the whole genus, derives from South Australian and Central Desert Indigenous names, and is already accepted as a synonym for some Australian species.[14] The competing view holds that the Australian genus should be named Rumicastrum according to established nomenclatural rules.[3] Plants of the World Online accepts Rumicastrum.[15] The proposal to rename Calandrinia as Parakeelya has not yet been decided.[12]

The genus is classified in the family Montiaceae.[1] It was previously placed in the purslane family, Portulacaceae.[6]

Species

since December 2024Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., the following species are accepted in the genus Calandrinia:[1] Script error: No such module "Template wrapper".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Formerly placed here

The following species were formerly placed in genus Calandrinia, including the Australasian species now placed in genus Rumicastrum.[1][3]

  • Anacampseros australiana J.M.BlackScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. pogonophora F.Muell.)
  • Cistanthe arenaria (Cham.) Carolin ex Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. arenaria Cham.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". or C. glaucopurpurea ReicheScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
  • Cistanthe crassifolia (Phil.) Carolin ex Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. crassifolia Phil.)
  • Cistanthe densiflora (Barnéoud) Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. densiflora BarnéoudScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". or C. spicata Phil.)
  • Cistanthe grandiflora (Lindl.) Schltdl.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. grandiflora Lindl.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". or C. spectabilis Otto & A.Dietr.)
  • Cistanthe litoralis (Phil.) Carolin ex Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. litoralis Phil.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
  • Cistanthe mucronulata (Meyen) Carolin ex Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. mucronata Meyen)
  • Cistanthe picta (Gillies ex Arn.) Carolin ex Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. picta Gillies ex Arn.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". or C. villanuevae Phil.)
  • Cistanthe sitiens (I.M.Johnst.) J.M.Watson & A.R.FloresScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. sitiens I.M.Johnst.)
  • Montiopsis andicola (Gillies) D.I.FordScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. andicola GilliesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". or C. tricolor Phil.)
  • Montiopsis conferta (Gillies ex Arn.) PeraltaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. conferta Gillies ex Arn.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., C. caesia F.Phil. ex Phil., or C. hirtella Phil.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
  • Montiopsis gayana (Barnéoud) D.I.FordScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. calycotricha Phil.)
  • Montiopsis gilliesii (Hook. & Arn.) D.I.FordScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. gilliesii Hook. & Arn.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". or C. leucotricha Phil.)
  • Montiopsis potentilloides (Barnéoud) D.I.FordScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. potentilloides BarnéoudScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". or C. setosa Phil.)
  • Rumicastrum arenicolum (Syeda) Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. arenicola Syeda)
  • Rumicastrum baccatum (Obbens) Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. baccata Obbens)
  • Rumicastrum balonense (Lindl.) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – broadleaf parakeelya (as C. balonensis Lindl.)
  • Rumicastrum brevipedatum (F. Muell.) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. brevipedata F.Muell.)
  • Rumicastrum butcherense (Obbens) Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. butcherense ObbensScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
  • Rumicastrum calyptratum (Hook. f.) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – pink purslane (as C. calyptratum Hook.f.)
  • Rumicastrum compositum (Nees) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. composita (Nees) Benth.)
  • Rumicastrum corrigioloides (F. Muell. ex Benth.) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – strap purslane (as C. corrigioloides F.Muell. ex Benth.)
  • Rumicastrum creethae (Tratman ex Morrison) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. creethae Tratman ex Morrison)
  • Rumicastrum crispisepalum (Obbens) Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. crispipetala Obbens)
  • Rumicastrum cygnorum (Diels) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. cygnorum Diels)
  • Rumicastrum cylindricum (Poelln.) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. cylindrica Poelln.)
  • Rumicastrum dielsii (Poelln.) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. dielsii Poelln.)
  • Rumicastrum dipetalum (J.M.Black) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. dipetala J.M.Black)
  • Rumicastrum dispermum (J.M.Black) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. disperma J.M.Black)
  • Rumicastrum eremaeum (Ewart) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – twining purslane (as C. eremaea Ewart)
  • Rumicastrum flavum (Obbens) Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. flava Obbens)
  • Rumicastrum gracile (Benth.) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. gracilis Benth.)
  • Rumicastrum granuliferum (Benth.) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – pygmy purslane (as C. granulifera Benth.)
  • Rumicastrum holtumii (Obbens & L.P.Hancock) Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. holtumii Obbens & L.P.HancockScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
  • Rumicastrum hortiorum (Obbens) Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. hortiurum Obbens}
  • Rumicastrum kalanniense (Obbens) Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. kalanniensis Obbens)
  • Rumicastrum liniflorum (Fenzl) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. liniflora Fenzl)
  • Rumicastrum maryonii (S. Moore) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. maryonii S.Moore)
  • Rumicastrum mirabile (Chinnock & J.G.West) Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. mirabilis Chinnock & J.G.West)
  • Rumicastrum monogynum (Poelln.) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. monogyne Poelln.)
  • Rumicastrum monospermum (Syeda ex Obbens) Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. monosperma Syeda ex ObbensScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
  • Rumicastrum morrisae (Goy) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. morrisae Goy)
  • Rumicastrum oblongum (Syeda & Carolin) Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. oblonga Syeda & Carolin)
  • Rumicastrum opertum (Obbens)Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. operta Obbens)
  • Rumicastrum orarium (Obbens) Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. oraria Obbens)
  • Rumicastrum papillatum (Syeda) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. papillata Syeda)
  • Rumicastrum pentavalvis (Obbens) Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C.pentavalve Obbens)
  • Rumicastrum pickeringii (A. Gray) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. pickeringii A.GrayScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Rumicastrum pleiopetalum (F.Muell.) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. pleiopetala F.Muell.)
  • Rumicastrum polyandrum (Benth.) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. polyandra Benth.)
  • Rumicastrum polypetalum (Fenzl) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. polypetala Fenzl)
  • Rumicastrum poriferum (Syeda) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. porifera Syeda)
  • Rumicastrum primuliflorum (Diels) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. primuliflora Diels)
  • Rumicastrum ptychospermum (F. Muell.) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. ptychosperma F.Muell.)
  • Rumicastrum pumilum (Benth.) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. pumila (Benth.) F.Muell.
  • Rumicastrum quadrivalve (F.Muell.) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. quadrivalvis F.Muell.)
  • Rumicastrum quartziticum (Obbens) Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. quartzitica ObbensScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
  • Rumicastrum remotum (J.M.Black) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. remota J.M.Black)
  • Rumicastrum reticulatum (Syeda) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. reticulata Syeda)
  • Rumicastrum rubrisabulosum (Obbens) Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. rubrisabulosa Obbens)
  • Rumicastrum schistorhizum (Morrison) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. schistorhiza Morrison)
  • Rumicastrum sculptum (Obbens) Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. sculpta Obbens & J.G.WestScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
  • Rumicastrum spergularinum (F.Muell.) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. spergularina F.Muell.)
  • Rumicastrum sphaerophyllum (J.M.Black) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. sphaerophylla J.M.Black)
  • Rumicastrum stagnense (J.M.Black) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. stagnensis J.M.Black)
  • Rumicastrum stenogynum (Domin) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. stenogyna Domin)
  • Rumicastrum strophiolatum (F.Muell.) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. strophiolata (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex B.D.Jacks.)
  • Rumicastrum tepperianum (W.Fitzg.) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. tepperiana W.Fitzg.)
  • Rumicastrum tholiforme (Obbens) Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. tholiformis Obbens)
  • Rumicastrum translucens (Obbens) Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C.translucens Obbens)
  • Rumicastrum tumidum (Syeda) Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. tumida Syeda)
  • Rumicastrum umbelliforme (Obbens) Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. umbelliformis Obbens)
  • Rumicastrum uniflorum (F. Muell.) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. uniflore F.Muell.)
  • Rumicastrum vernicosum (Obbens) Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. vernicosa ObbensScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
  • Rumicastrum volubile (Benth.) CarolinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. volubilis Benth.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
  • Rumicastrum wilsonii (Obbens) Hershk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as C. wilsonii ObbensScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)

References

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  1. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Calandrinia petrophila J.G.West & Albr. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
  3. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Judy G. West and David E. Albrecht (2022). A new species of Calandrinia (Montiaceae) from rocky pavements in eastern New South Wales and south-eastern Queensland. Telopea, Volume 25: 323–329, 28 October 2022. dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea16319
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ a b c Template:EFloras
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. 1823. Page 77. Illustration.
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Rumicastrum Ulbr. Plants of the World Online. Accessed 17 November 2023.

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