Cabomba furcata

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Cabomba furcata, also known as red cabomba and forked fanwort,[1] is a rhizomatous,[2] perennial,[3] aquatic herb in the family Cabombaceae[4] native to tropical America.[5] It is used as an aquarium plant.[6][7]

Description

Vegetative characteristics

Cabomba furcata is a rhizomatous,[2] perennial,[3] aquatic herb.[4] Both submerged and floating leaves are produced.[8] The mostly whorled,[9] dark purple[10] submerged leaves are dichotomously or trichotomously branched.[2]

Generative characteristics

The bisexual,[11] purple, 5–10 mm long, and 6–12 mm wide flowers have 2–5.5 cm long pedicels.[8]

Cytology

The chromosome count is 2n = 52.[12] The chloroplast genome of Cabomba furcata is 160271 bp long.[13]

Taxonomy

It was published by Josef August Schultes and Julius Hermann Schultes in 1830.[14][5] The lectotype specimen, which was collected by Leandro do Sacramento in 1821, was designated in 1991 by Marian Ørgaard.[15]

Etymology

The specific epithet furcata means forked.[16][17]

Ecology

Habitat

It occurs in freshwater lagoons,[18] ponds,[19] streams,[10][19] lakes, and floodplains.[10]

Cultivation

This is used as an aquarium plant. Carbon dioxide addition is usually necessary, mostly because this plant requires high light and regular fertilization for optimal growth.[6]

As an invasive species

Cabomba furcata has been reported as an invasive species in Kerala, India,[20] in the Kalutara district of Sri Lanka,[8] in Chini Lake, Malaysia,[10] and Taiwan.[21][22] Its active stem propagation prevents light from penetrating the surface of water.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". It suffocates the water bodies, economically and ecologically hindering the growth of native aquatic plants and freshwater fish. Red cabomba requires huge quantity of oxygen, resulting in decline of biodiversity and water quality.[23]

References

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  1. ↑ European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). (n.d.-b). Cabomba furcata (CABFU). EPPO Global Database. Retrieved February 17, 2025, from https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/CABFU
  2. ↑ a b c Madriñán, S., Rial, A., Bedoya, A. M., Fernández, M. (2017). Plantas acuáticas de la Orinoquia colombiana. p. 26. Kolumbien: Universidad de los Andes.
  3. ↑ a b Cabomba furcata Schult. & Schult. f. (n.d.). USDA Plants Database. Retrieved February 17, 2025, from https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/CAFU13
  4. ↑ a b Pellegrini, M. O. O. & Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. (n.d.-d). Cabomba furcata Schult. & Schult.f. Flora E Funga Do Brasil. Retrieved February 17, 2025, from https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/FB6612
  5. ↑ a b Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  6. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Wilstermann-Hildebrand, M. (n.d.-b). Gattung Cabomba - Haarnixen. Heimbiotop. Retrieved February 17, 2025, from https://www.heimbiotop.de/cabomba.html#furcata
  8. ↑ a b c Yakandawala, D. M. D., Yakandawala, K., Madola, I., & Herath, H. M. L. K. (2022). Would history repeat? Detection of Cabomba furcata, a potential invasive plant in natural ecosystems of Sri Lanka. Ceylon Journal of Science, 51(2), 155-163.
  9. ↑ Wiersema, J. H. (1989). A New Species of Cabomba (Cabombaceae) From Tropical America. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 76(4), 1167–1168. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399705
  10. ↑ a b c d Yunoh, S. M. M. (2011, December 28). Cabomba furcata (Cabombaceae). Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/130
  11. ↑ Developmental Genetics of the Flower: Advances in Botanical Research. p. 18. (2006). Niederlande: Academic Press.
  12. ↑ Ørgaard, M. (1991), The genus Cabomba (Cabombaceae)–a taxonomic study. Nordic Journal of Botany, 11: 179-203. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1991.tb01819.x
  13. ↑ Gruenstaeudl, M., Gerschler, N., & Borsch, T. (2018). Bioinformatic workflows for generating complete plastid genome sequences—an example from Cabomba (Cabombaceae) in the context of the phylogenomic analysis of the water-lily clade. Life, 8(3), 25.
  14. ↑ Linné, Carl von, Römer, J. J., Schultes, Joseph August, Schultes, Julius Hermann, Sprengel, Kurt Polycarp Joachim, & Cotta, J. G. (1817). Caroli a Linné ... Systema vegetabilium :secundum classes, ordines, genera, species. Cum characteribus, differentiis et synonymiis (Vol. 7, Issue 2, p. 1379). Sumtibus J.G. Cottae. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/736606
  15. ↑ Missouri Botanical Garden. (n.d.-g). Cabomba furcata Schult. & Schult. f. Tropicos. Retrieved February 17, 2025, from https://www.tropicos.org/name/22600137
  16. ↑ Pultenaea furcata M.A.M.Renner & R.L.Barrett. (n.d.). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved February 17, 2025, from https://beta.ipni.org/n/77307978-1
  17. ↑ Glossary A-B – The Bible of Botany. (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2025, from https://bibleofbotany.com/index/glossary-introduction/glossary-a-l/
  18. ↑ Kirkconnell, A., Bradley, P. E., Rey-Millet, Y. (2020). Photographic Guide to the Birds of Cuba. Vereinigtes Königreich: Bloomsbury Publishing.
  19. ↑ a b Liogier, A. H., Martorell, L. F. (2000). Flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands : a systematic synopsis. p. 58. Puerto Rico: Ed. de la Universidad.
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Cabomba piauhyensis 紅花穗蓴. (n.d.). 台灣植物資訊整合查詢系統. Retrieved October 3, 2024, from https://tai2.ntu.edu.tw/species/342%20002%2002%200
  22. ↑ Wu, S. H., Yang, T. A., Teng, Y. C., Chang, C. Y., Yang, K. C., & Hsieh, C. F. (2010). Insights of the latest naturalized flora of Taiwan: change in the past eight years. Taiwania, 55(2), 139-159.
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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