Buckeye chicken
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The Buckeye is an American breed of chicken. It was created in Ohio in the late nineteenth century by Nettie Metcalf. The color of its plumage was intended to resemble the color of the seeds of Aesculus glabra, the Ohio Buckeye plant for which the state is called the 'Buckeye State'.
It is a dual-purpose chicken, kept for both meat and eggs. It is yellow-skinned, and the eggs are brown. It is the only breed in the American Class to have a pea comb.
History
The Buckeye was first bred and developed in 1896, by Nettie Metcalf, a resident of Warren, Ohio.[1]Template:R/superscript It is the only American breed of chicken known to have been developed by a woman, although women customarily were in charge of the household poultry flock on farms and in households throughout much of U.S. history.[2]Template:R/superscript Metcalf crossbred Barred Plymouth Rocks, Buff Cochins, and some black-breasted red games to produce the Buckeye. Her goal was a functional breed that could produce well in the bitter Midwest winters. Contrary to popular belief, the Buckeye breed was created before the Rhode Island Red breed. Metcalf sent birds to the RIR breeders in order for them to improve their breed.[2]Template:R/superscript
The Buckeye was admitted in 1904 to the American Poultry Association's Standard of Perfection.[2]Template:R/superscript This acceptance signifies official certification as a breed by the Association, allowing Buckeyes to be entered into poultry shows and judged according to the breed standard (as outlined in the Standard of Perfection).
The recognition of Buckeyes in the Standard has been a significant factor in its survival.[1]Template:R/superscript In the past, largely due its lack of color variations, the Buckeye has not been an especially popular exhibition breed. Since the late 20th century, there has been growing interest in the exhibition poultry fancy for this dual-purpose variety of bird. The Buckeye has generally been a bird of smaller farm flocks, rather than major commercial operations.
Today the breed status is listed as watch by the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy,[2]Template:R/superscript watch being defined as: Fewer than 5,000 breeding birds in the United States, with ten or fewer primary breeding flocks, and estimated global population less than 10,000.[2]Template:R/superscript The breed is included in the Slow Food USA Ark of Taste, a catalog of heritage foods in danger of extinction.[3]Template:R/superscript
Characteristics
The Buckeye male weighs an average of Template:Cvt, and the hen Template:Cvt. The breed has yellow skin and lays brown eggs. Its primary color is a mahogany red with black tails; sometimes males have other dark feathering. According to the breed standard, a Buckeye's plumage should ideally resemble the hue of an Ohio Buckeye's seeds. Especially in the hen, the breed is very similar in appearance to the Rhode Island Red. The Buckeye can be differentiated by a bar of slate color on the back feathers close to the body; the body is also much more compact, with a short yet broad back.[1]Template:R/superscript
The Buckeye is the only purely American breed to sport a pea comb, and this, combined with its stocky build, makes it a supremely cold hardy chicken.[2]Template:R/superscript Other breeds of fowl developed in the U.S. (such as the Ameraucana) may sport pea combs, but these chickens were bred primarily from foreign birds. It bears some traits of Game fowl in frame and disposition, being assertive in character and a very good forager. Generally calm, the cock birds in rare cases may become aggressive. Despite its game heritage, it tolerates confinement well, although it will be much happier and produce better if allowed to range on grass. The Buckeye is said by breeders to be disinclined towards feather picking. A good meat producer and layer of between 150 and 200 eggs per year,[4]Template:R/superscript the Buckeye is a dual-purpose chicken well-suited to small farmyard and backyard flocks.[1]Template:R/superscript
References
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- ↑ a b c d Christine Heinrichs (2007). How To Raise Chickens. St. Paul, Minnesota: Voyageur Press. Template:Isbn.
- ↑ a b c d e f Carol Ekarius (2007). Storey's Illustrated Guide to Poultry Breeds. North Adams, Massachusetts: Storey Publishing. Template:Isbn.
- ↑ Ark of Taste: Buckeye Chicken. Slow Food USA. Archived 4 May 2010.
- ↑ Chicken Assessment for Improving Productivity Script error: No such module "webarchive".. American Livestock Breeds Conservancy.
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External links
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- Buckeyes Script error: No such module "webarchive". at the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy
- The American Buckeye Poultry Club
- The American Buckeye Club