Breynia

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Breynia is a genus in the flowering plant family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, Réunion, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia and Australia.[1]

The name Breynia is a conserved name, it is recognized despite the existence of an earlier use of the same name to refer to a different plant. Breynia L. 1753 is in the Capparaceae, but it is a rejected name. We here discuss Breynia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. 1776.[2]

In a 2006 revision of the Phyllanthaceae, it was recommended that Breynia be subsumed in Phyllanthus; however, new combinations in Phyllanthus for former Breynia species remain to be published.[3]

Breynia are of special note in the fields of pollination biology and coevolution because they have a specialized mutualism with moths in the genus Epicephala (leafflower moths), in which the moths actively pollinate the flowers—thereby ensuring that the tree may produce viable seeds—but also lay eggs in the flowers' ovaries or in the space between the tepals and the carpel walls, from where their larvae consume a subset of the developing seeds as nourishment.[4][5] Other species of Epicephala are pollinators, and in some cases, non-pollinating seed predators, of certain species of plants in the genera Phyllanthus[6][7] and Glochidion,[8][9][10] both closely related to Breynia.[11] This relationship is similar to those between figs and fig wasps and yuccas and yucca moths.

Species

93 species are accepted.[1]

  • Breynia amabilis (Airy Shaw) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia amoebiflora (Airy Shaw) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia androgyna (L.) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia assimilis (Thwaites) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia asteranthos (Airy Shaw) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia asymmetrica (Welzen) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia baudouinii Beille – Vietnam
  • Breynia beillei Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia bicolor (Craib) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia bishnupadae (M.Gangop. & Chakrab.) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia bonii (Beille) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia brevipes (Müll.Arg.) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia calcarea (M.R.Hend.) Welzen & Pruesapan – W Malaysia
  • Breynia carnosa Welzen & Pruesapan – Vietnam
  • Breynia cernua (Poir.) Müll.Arg. – Northern Territory of Australia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Sulawesi, Philippines, Borneo, Java
  • Breynia collaris Airy Shaw – Papua New Guinea
  • Breynia coriacea Beille – Vietnam
  • Breynia coronata Hook.f. – Thailand, W Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
  • Breynia delavayi (Croizat) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia discigera Müll.Arg. – Thailand, W Malaysia, Sumatra
  • Breynia discocalyx (Welzen) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia disticha J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. – Vanuatu, New Caledonia; naturalized in West Indies, Florida, Gambia, and scattered oceanic islands
  • Breynia diversifolia Beille – Vietnam
  • Breynia fleuryi Beille – Vietnam
  • Breynia fruticosa (L.) Müll.Arg. – Vietnam, Thailand, S China
  • Breynia garrettii (Craib) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia glauca Craib – Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, Borneo
  • Breynia gour-maitii (Chakrab. & M.Gangop.) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia grandiflora Beille – Vietnam
  • Breynia granulosa (Airy Shaw) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia gynophora Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia harmandii (Beille) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia heteroblasta (Airy Shaw) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia heyneana J.J.Sm. – Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia
  • Breynia hiemalis Huan C.Wang & Feng YangScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia hirsuta (Beille) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia indosinensis Beille – Vietnam, Laos
  • Breynia kerrii (Airy Shaw) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia kitanovii (Thin) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia lanceolata (Hook.f.) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia lithophila Welzen & Pruesapan – Thailand
  • Breynia macrantha (Hassk.) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia maichauensis (Thin) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia massiei Beille – Laos
  • Breynia micrasterias (Airy Shaw) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia microphylla (Kurz ex Teijsm. & Binn.) Müll.Arg. – Sumatera, Java, Sulawesi
  • Breynia mollis J.J.Sm. – New Guinea
  • Breynia oblongifolia (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg. – Papua New Guinea, Queensland, New South Wales, Northern Territory
  • Breynia obscura Welzen & Pruesapan – W Malaysia
  • Breynia officinalis Hemsl.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia orbicularis (Craib) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia pierrei (Beille) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia platycalyx Airy Shaw – W New Guinea
  • Breynia po-khantii (Chakrab. & M.Gangop.) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia podocarpa Airy Shaw – Papua New Guinea, Northern Territory
  • Breynia poilanei (Beille) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia poomae (Welzen & Chayam.) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia pseudorostrata Huan C.Wang & Feng YangScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia pubescens Merr. – Maluku
  • Breynia pulchella (Airy Shaw) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia quadrangularis (Willd.) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia racemosa (Blume) Müll.Arg. – Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Thailand, Myanmar, W Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Philippines, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago
  • Breynia repanda (Müll.Arg.) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia repens Welzen & Pruesapan – Thailand
  • Breynia reticulata (S.L.Mo ex P.T.Li) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia retroversa (Wight) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia retusa (Dennst.) Alston – Réunion, India, Tibet, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, E Himalayas, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, W Malaysia
  • Breynia rhynchocarpa Benth. – Northern Territory of Australia
  • Breynia rigida (Thwaites) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia rostrata Merr. – Vietnam, S China
  • Breynia saksenana (Manilal, Prasann. & Sivar.) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia septata Beille – Vietnam
  • Breynia shawii (Welzen) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia similis (Craib) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia spatulifolia (Beille) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia stipitata Müll.Arg. – Northern Territory, Queensland
  • Breynia subangustifolia Thin – Vietnam
  • Breynia suberosa (Airy Shaw) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia subindochinensis Thin – Vietnam
  • Breynia subterblanca (C.E.C.Fisch.) C.E.C.Fisch.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia temii (Welzen & Chayam.) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia thoii (Thin) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia thorelii (Beille) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia thyrsiflora (Welzen) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia tiepii Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia tonkinensis Beille – Vietnam
  • Breynia trinervia (Hook.f. & Thomson ex Müll.Arg.) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia tsiangii (P.T.Li) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia vestita Warb. – New Guinea, Kai Island in Maluku Province of Indonesia
  • Breynia villosa (Blanco) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Breynia virgata (Blume) Müll.Arg. – Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands
  • Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm.f.) C.E.C.Fisch. – China, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, Indochina, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, W Malaysia, Sumatra, Philippines
  • Breynia yanhuiana (P.T.Li) Welzen & PruesapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

References

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  1. ↑ a b Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  2. ↑ Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Kawakita, A.; Kato, M. 2004. Obligate pollination mutualism in Breynia (Phyllanthaceae): further documentation of pollination mutualism involving Epicephala moths (Gracillariidae). American Journal of Botany. 91: 1319–1325.
  5. ↑ Zhang, J.; Wang, S.; Li, H.; Hu, B.; Yang, X.; Wang, Z. 2012. "Diffuse coevolution between two Epicephala species (Gracillariidae) and two Breynia species (Phyllanthaceae). PLOS ONE. 7: e41657.
  6. ↑ Kawakita, A.; Kato, M. 2004. "Evolution of obligate pollination mutualism in New Caledonian Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae)." American Journal of Botany 91: 410–415.
  7. ↑ Kawakita, A.; Kato, M. 2009. "Repeated independent evolution of obligate pollination mutualism in the Phyllantheae-Epicephala association." Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 276: 417–426.
  8. ↑ Kato, M.; Takimura, A.; Kawakita, A. (2003) "An obligate pollination mutualism and reciprocal diversification in the tree genus Glochidion (Euphorbiaceae)." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 100 (9): 5264–5267
  9. ↑ Hembry, D. H.; Okamoto, T.; Gillespie, R. G. (2012) Repeated colonization of remote islands by specialized mutualists. Biology Letters. 8: 258–261.
  10. ↑ Luo, S.-X.; Yao, G.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, D.; Hembry, D. H. (2017) "A novel, enigmatic basal leafflower moth lineage pollinating a derived leafflower host illustrates the dynamics of host shifts, partner replacement, and apparent co-adaptation in intimate mutualisms." The American Naturalist. 189: 422–435.
  11. ↑ Kathriarachchi, H.; Samuel, R.; Hoffmann, P.; Mlinarec, J.; Wurdack, K. J.; Ralimanana, H.; Stuessy, T. F.; Chase, M. W. 2006. "Phylogenetics of tribe Phyllantheae (Phyllanthaceae: Euphorbiaceae sensu lato) based on nrITS and plastid matK DNA sequence data." American Journal of Botany. 93: 637–655.

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