Bourbon Red
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The Bourbon Red is an American breed of domestic turkey. It is named for its reddish-brown plumage and for its area of origin, Bourbon County, Kentucky, where it was developed in the last years of the nineteenth century. It was accepted into the Standard of Perfection of the American Poultry Association in 1909, and in the early twentieth century was an important commercial meat breed until the Broad Breasted White began to dominate industrial production.[1]Template:R/superscript[2]Template:R/superscript The Bourbon Red is considered a heritage turkey; it is an endangered breed, classified as 'watch' by the Livestock Conservancy. It was formerly known as the Bourbon Butternut or as the Kentucky Red.[3]Template:R/superscript
History
The Bourbon Red was bred in the Bluegrass Region of Kentucky in the late nineteenth century. The breeding work is usually attributed to J.F. Barbee, and is thought to have been based on a particularly dark strain of Buff Turkey from Pennsylvania called the Tuscawara or Tuscarora Red, with some admixture of White Holland and Bronze stock.[1]Template:R/superscript[4]Template:R/superscript It was initially called the Kentucky Red or Bourbon Butternut, but became better known once the name Bourbon Red was adopted.[1]Template:R/superscript It was accepted into the Standard of Perfection of the American Poultry Association in 1909.[4]Template:R/superscript
In the early twentieth century it was marketed as suitable for commercial production, and soon supplanted the less productive Buff, which became rare and in 1915 was removed from the Standard of Perfection. In the interwar period the Bourbon Red was widely reared, particularly as a farm bird in the Midwest, but numbers declined rapidly after the adoption of the Broad Breasted White for industrial production.[1]Template:R/superscript[4]Template:R/superscript[2]Template:R/superscript
In the twenty-first century numbers recovered and it has become the most numerous of the non-industrial heritage turkey breeds. In 1999 the Society for the Preservation of Poultry Antiquities found approximately Script error: No such module "val". birds, and in 2003 the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy (as it was then known) counted more than Script error: No such module "val"..[1]Template:R/superscript[5]Template:R/superscript A United States population of Script error: No such module "val". was reported to DAD-IS for 2015, and in 2023 the world-wide population was estimated at Script error: No such module "val"..[6]Template:R/superscript[7]Template:R/superscript In 2022 the Livestock Conservancy listed the conservation status of the breed as 'watch'.[4]Template:R/superscript
The Bourbon Red is included in the Ark of Taste of the international Slow Food Foundation.[3]Template:R/superscript It is recognized by the Entente Européenne in Europe, and by the Poultry Club of Great Britain.[8]Template:R/superscript[9]Template:R/superscript[10]Template:R/superscript It is also reported from Australia, Canada and Uruguay.[7]Template:R/superscript
Characteristics
The Bourbon Red is a tall, high-breasted turkey, characterized by its deep mahogany-red body color. The wing primaries and secondaries are white, as are the main tail feathers.[1]Template:R/superscript The beak is dark at the base, lightening to a horn-colour at the tip. The shanks and feet are a deep reddish horn in young birds, becoming pink with maturity.[4]Template:R/superscript[2]Template:R/superscript
The Livestock Conservancy lists an ideal weight of Script error: No such module "convert". for mature toms (males) and Script error: No such module "convert". for mature hens, while for young birds it gives weights of Script error: No such module "convert". and Script error: No such module "convert". respectively. As for many years there has been little or no selective breeding for productive charactistics, many birds are likely to reach lower weights.[4]Template:R/superscript
References
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- ↑ a b c d e f Janet Vorwald Dohner (2001). The Encyclopedia of Historic and Endangered Livestock and Poultry Breeds. New Haven, Connecticut; London: Yale University Press. Template:Isbn.
- ↑ a b c Bourbon Red. Kenilworth, Warwickshire: Rare Breeds Survival Trust. Accessed March 2023.
- ↑ a b Bourbon Red Turkey: Ark of taste. Bra, Cuneo: Fondazione Slow Food per la Biodiversità Onlus/Slow Food Foundation for Biodiversity. Accessed March 2023.
- ↑ a b c d e f Bourbon Red Turkey. Pittsboro, North Carolina: The Livestock Conservancy. Archived 9 November 2022.
- ↑ Carol Ekarius (2007). Storey's Illustrated Guide to Poultry Breeds. North Adams, Massachusetts: Storey Publishing. Template:Isbn.
- ↑ Breed data sheet: Bourbon Red / United States of America (Turkey). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed March 2023.
- ↑ a b Transboundary breed: Bourbon Red. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed March 2023.
- ↑ Liste des races et variétés homologuée dans les pays EE (28.04.2013). Entente Européenne d’Aviculture et de Cuniculture. Archived 16 June 2013.
- ↑ J. Ian H. Allonby, Philippe B. Wilson (editors) (2018). British Poultry Standards: complete specifications and judging points of all standardized breeds and varieties of poultry as compiled by the specialist breed clubs and recognised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain, seventh edition. Chichester; Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley Blackwell. Template:Isbn.
- ↑ Victoria Roberts (2008). British Poultry Standards: complete specifications and judging points of all standardized breeds and varieties of poultry as compiled by the specialist breed clubs and recognised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain, sixth edition. Oxford: Blackwell. Template:Isbn.
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