Botolan language
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Botolan is a Sambalic language spoken by 32,867 (SIL 2000) Sambal, primarily in the Zambal municipalities of Botolan and Cabangan in the Philippines. Language status is 5 (developing).[1]
Varieties
The Ayta people of sitio Villar, Botolan, and sitio Kakilingan, Santa Fe, Cabangan also speak a Botolan dialect with some unique lexical items.[2]
Ethnologue reports Ayta Hambali (Hambali Botolan), Sambali Botolan as dialects of Sambal Botolan. Among themselves, Ayta Hambali reportedly use some words that are similar to Ayta, Mag-Anchi.[1]
Phonology
Botolan has 20 phonemes: 16 consonants and four vowels. Syllable structure is relatively simple. Each syllable contains at least a consonant and a vowel.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Vowels
Botolan has four vowels. They are:
- /a/ an open central unrounded vowel similar to English father
- /e/ a close-mid front unrounded vowel similar to German Script error: No such module "Lang".
- /i/ a close front unrounded vowel similar to English machine
- /u/ (written as ‘o’) a close back unrounded vowel similar to English flute
There are five main diphthongs: Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "IPA"., /ij/, and Script error: No such module "IPA"..
Consonants
Below is a chart of Botolan consonants. All the stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal occurs in all positions including at the beginning of a word.
| Bilabial | Dental | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasals | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link Template:Grapheme | Template:IPA link Template:Grapheme | ||
| Plosives/ Affricates |
voicelessScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link Template:Grapheme | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link - |
| voicedScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link Template:Grapheme | Template:IPA link | ||
| Fricatives | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link Template:Grapheme | Template:IPA link | |||
| Laterals | Template:IPA link | Script error: No such module "IPA". Template:Grapheme | ||||
| Flaps | Template:IPA link | |||||
| Semivowels | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | ||||
Note: Consonants Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA". can sometimes interchange as they were once allophones.
Stress
Stress is phonemic in Botolan. Word stress is very important; it differentiates homonyms, e.g. Script error: No such module "Lang". ('I') and Script error: No such module "Lang". ('elbow').
Historical sound changes
Many words pronounced with Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA". in Tagalog have Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA"., respectively, in their cognates in Botolan. Compare Script error: No such module "Lang". and Script error: No such module "Lang". with the Tagalog Script error: No such module "Lang". and Script error: No such module "Lang"..
Sample texts
The Lord's Prayer
Version from Matthew
Philippine national proverb
Below is a translation in Botolan of the Philippine national proverb[3] "He who does not acknowledge his beginnings will not reach his destination," followed by the original in Tagalog.
- Botolan: Script error: No such module "Lang".
- Tagalog: Script error: No such module "Lang".
See also
References
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- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Subscription required
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External links
- Grammar sketch of Botolan found on Carl Rubino's homepage
- Sample recordings from the GRN Network, in Botolan
- Hay Halita nin Diyos, Bible verses in Botolan
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