Blue-eyed shag

Leucocarbo is a genus of birds in the family Phalacrocoracidae. Several species within the genus are collectively known as blue-eyed shags. This is a group of closely related cormorant taxa. Many have a blue, purple or red ring around the eye (not a blue iris); other shared features are white underparts (at least in some individuals) and pink feet.

They are found around the colder parts of the Southern Hemisphere, especially near southern South America, Antarctica, and New Zealand. Many are endemic to remote islands. Determining which types are species and which are subspecies of what larger species is problematic; various recent authorities have recognized from 8 to 14 species and have placed them in a variety of genera. The common names are even more confusing, "like myriad footprints criss-crossing in the snow and about as easy to disentangle." Only one common name is given for most species here.

Taxonomy

The genus Leucocarbo was introduced in 1856 by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte. He did not specify a type species but this was designated as the guanay cormorant by William Ogilvie-Grant in 1898. The name Leucocarbo combines the Ancient Greek leukos meaning "white" with the genus name Carbo introduced by Bernard Germain de Lacépède in 1799.

A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that Leucocarbo is sister to the American cormorants in the genus Nannopterum; the genera split between 6.7 - 8.0 million years ago.

The genus contains 15 species:

Image	Scientific name	Common Name	Distribution
File:Phalacrocorax magellanicus - Magellan Cormorant 02.jpg	Leucocarbo magellanicus	Rock shag or Magellanic cormorant	The coast of Argentina, Uruguay and southern Chile.
File:Leucocarbo bougainvillii, Islas Ballestas 5.jpg	Leucocarbo bougainvillii	Guanay cormorant	The western coast of South America (Extirpated from Argentina).
File:Leucocarbo-ranfurlyi-MATTERN.jpg	Leucocarbo ranfurlyi	Bounty shag	Bounty Islands.
File:King Shag - Picton - New Zealand (39124704222).jpg	Leucocarbo carunculatus	New Zealand king shag, rough-faced shag or kawau	New Zealand.
File:20181001 ChathamsA9D3 444 DxO (cropped).jpg	Leucocarbo onslowi	Chatham shag	Chatham Islands.
File:Bronze shag.jpg	Leucocarbo chalconotus	Stewart Island shag	Eastern coast of New Zealand.
File:Auckland Shag on Enderby Island, 2006.jpg	Leucocarbo colensoi	Auckland shag	Auckland Islands.
	Leucocarbo campbelli	Campbell shag	Campbell Island.
File:Imperial Shags b.jpg	Leucocarbo atriceps	Imperial shag or blue-eyed shag	Southern Chile and Argentina.
File:SGI-2016-South Georgia (Cooper Bay)–South Georgia Shag (Leucocarbo georgianus) (cropped).jpg	Leucocarbo georgianus	South Georgia shag	South Georgia and the Shag Rocks.
File:Cormoran de Crozet à la pointe du Bougainville.jpg	Leucocarbo melanogenis	Crozet shag	Crozet Island, Prince Edward Island and Marion Island.
File:Phalacrocorax bransfieldensis DT -AQ Isla Torre- 1401 (6) (20861390782).jpg	Leucocarbo bransfieldensis	Antarctic shag	The Antarctic Peninsula, South Shetland Islands and Elephant Island.
File:Phalacrocorax verrucosus (AM LB8512).jpg	Leucocarbo verrucosus	Kerguelen shag	Kerguelen Islands.
	Leucocarbo nivalis	Heard Island shag	Heard and McDonald Islands.
File:MacquarieIslandCormorant.JPG	Leucocarbo purpurascens	Macquarie shag	Macquarie Island.