Blechhammer

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The Blechhammer (Template:Langx) (nowadays Blachownia Śląska, district of the City of Kędzierzyn-Koźle) area was the location of Greater German Reich chemical plants, prisoner of war camps, and forced labor camps (Template:Langx).[1] Labor camp prisoners began arriving as early as June 17, 1942,[2] and in July 1944, 400–500 men were transferred from the Terezin family camp to Blechhammer. The mobile "pocket furnace"[3] (Template:Langx) crematorium was at Sławięcice.)[4] and Bau und Arbeits Battalion (BAB, Template:Langx) 21 was a mile from the Blechhammer oil plants and was not far from Kattowitz and Breslau.[5] Blechhammer synthetic oil (aka synthetic fuel[6]) production began April 1, 1944 with 4000 prisoners,[7] with the slave labor camp holding these prisoners during April 1944, becoming a satellite camp of the dreaded Auschwitz extermination camp, as Arbeitslager Blechhammer.[8]

Chemical plants

Two plants in the area, Blechhammer North (south of Sławięcice) and Blechhammer South at Azoty (Script error: No such module "convert". from theScript error: No such module "Unsubst". labor camp)[2] were nicknamed "Black Hammer" by Allied bomber aircrews.[9] The facilities were approximately Script error: No such module "convert". apart with each occupying a 3,000 × 5,000 ft (914 × 1524 m) area in open country.[10] Similar to the Gelsenberg plant,[11] the Blechhammer plants used bituminous coal from Upper Silesian Coal Basin[12] in the Bergius process to synthesize Ersatz oil.[13] In June 1944, the United States Army Air Forces considered Blechhammer one of the four "principal synthetic oil plants in Germany",[14] and after the Fifteenth Air Force had dropped 7,082 tons (14,164,000 lbs; 6,424 tonnes) of bombs on Blechhammer, the Blechhammer plants were dismantled post-war by the Soviets.[12]

Evacuation

In March 1945 the POWs were evacuated. One camp went to Regensburg,[15] BAB 21[16] went to Landshut)[5] and on January 25, labor camp prisoners were force-marched for five days to Bergen Belsen[2] (about 20% died en route).[17]Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Some small groups did manage to escape (see František R. Kraus).

The "7 Company" was the guard battalion for Blechhammer,[18] and the 1945 Belsen Trial convicted Blechhammer staff members Karl Francioh and Ansgar Piche.

Camps

The Blechhammer complex contained a number of POW Camps:[15] BAB 21 (E794), 40, 48; E3,[19] E714,[20] E769, Camp 139.[21]

Life at Blechhamer and the work parties is described in Captive Plans, the POW diary of Reg Beattie[22] and by a Czech survivor, journalist František R. Kraus.

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  5. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Parramore, Col Woody W. "The Combined Bomber Offensive's Destruction of Germany's Refined-Fuels Industry." Air & Space Power Journal 26.2 (2012).
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".Template:Cbignore
  15. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Beattie, Trevor (ed.) (2011). Captive Plans: The Pow Diary of Reg Beattie. Template:ISBN.

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External links

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