Blake-class cruiser
Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
| Script error: No such module "InfoboxImage". HMS Blenheim Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". |
The Blake class was a pair of first-class protected cruisers, the first of their rank in the Royal Navy, designed in the late 1880s and built around 1890.
Design
_in_the_1890s.jpg){kind=link}
The Blakes were designed under the supervision of William White, shortly after he had become Director of Naval Construction. They were planned to combine the role of trade protection with the ability to operate with the fleet when required. As such, the design requirement combined high speed and long range. Unlike the preceding class of large cruisers in the Royal Navy, the Orlandos (which were 'belted' or armoured cruisers), the new class were protected cruisers, with protection afforded to their vital internal spaces by a full-length armoured deck, with no vertical armour belt fitted. They were also the ships for which the 'first-class cruiser' designation was created by the Royal Navy. This was due to their superlative nature, being much larger, faster and more powerful than any preceding design. All existing cruisers in the Royal Navy were re-rated in light of this new designation.[1][2]
Main gun armament was similar to that of the Orlandos, consisting of two Script error: No such module "convert". Mark VI breech loading guns mounted in single mounts fore and aft on the ship's centreline, and ten single 6 in (152 mm) QF guns, all on broadside, of which six were sited on the ships' upper deck (with light open-backed gunshields) and the remaining four were mounted in armoured casemates on the ships' main deck. This dispersed arrangement was chosen to minimise the risk of one shell hit disabling multiple guns at once, a feature seen also in the contemporary Royal Sovereign-class battleships (which the Blake class were essentially cruiser counterparts of). Secondary armament consisted of sixteen 3 pounder guns. Four 14 inch torpedo tubes completed the ships' armament, with two submerged tubes and two above the waterline.
The arched protective deck was at approximately the level of the waterline, with a thickness of Script error: No such module "convert". on the flat area in the middle and Script error: No such module "convert". on the slopes, which joined the hull's sides at the lower edge. The ships' conning tower was protected by Script error: No such module "convert". of armour. The 9.2 inch guns were behind large, curved Script error: No such module "convert".-armoured gunshields while the casemates protecting the main deck 6 inch guns were 6 inches thick.[1]
Machinery consisted of 4 three-cylinder triple expansion engines fed by six double-ended cylindrical boilers and driving two shafts. The engines generated Script error: No such module "convert". under natural draught and Script error: No such module "convert". with forced draught, giving a speed of Script error: No such module "convert". with forced draught and Script error: No such module "convert". with natural draught. The forward two engines could be disconnected for longer endurance at low speeds. Script error: No such module "convert". of coal could be carried, double the fuel of the Orlandos, giving a range of Script error: No such module "convert". at Script error: No such module "convert"., which was much less than the Script error: No such module "convert". expected.[1]
Service
The two ships were obsolete by the outbreak of the First World War, and served as depot ships. HMS Blenheim had the more active career, supporting the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force at the Battle of Gallipoli, and repatriating three dignitaries to their home countries after their deaths abroad. They were Prince Henry of Battenberg and former Canadian Prime Ministers Sir John Thompson and Sir Charles Tupper.
Building Programme
The following table gives the build details and purchase cost of the members of the Blake class. Standard British practice at that time was for these costs to exclude armament and stores.
| Ship | Builder | Maker of Engines |
Date of | Cost according to | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laid Down | Launch | Completion | (BNA 1895)[3] | |||
| Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". | Chatham Dockyard | Maudslay | July 1888 | 23 Nov 1889 | 2 Feb 1892 | £440,471 |
| Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". | Thames Ironworks | Humphrys | October 1888 | 5 Jul 1890 | 26 May 1894 | £425,591 |
See also
- Carlos V: a spanish armored cruiser inspired design by Blake-class cruiser
Notes
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
References
- Brassey, T.A. (ed) The Naval Annual 1895
- Brown, D.K. Warrior to Dreadnought: Warship Development 1860–1905. London: Caxton Editions, 1997. Template:ISBN.
- Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
- Chesneau, Roger and Kolesnik, Eugene (Ed.) Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. Conway Maritime Press, 1979. Template:ISBN
External links
Script error: No such module "Military navigation". Template:WWI British ships