Bethioua
Script error: No such module "Hatnote". Bethioua (Template:Langx), formerly Arsenaria, Portus Magnus, Arzew (Script error: No such module "Lang"., Template:Translit), Vieil Arzew ("Old Arzew"), and Saint Leu, is a port town and district near Arzew in Oran Province in northwestern Algeria. It has a gas port, petrochemical facilities and desalination plant.
History
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Bethioua is located on the ruins of the ancient Phoenicians of Carthage,[1][2] became after of the ancient Roman settlement of Arsenaria or Portus Magnus.
The region itself belonged to the Battiwa (Ibeṭṭiwen), a group of Berber clans which arrived from the Rif mountains, mainly Ait Said and Temsaman tribe. They were composed of clans from Zegzawa (Izegzawen), the Ait Mait and their Maraboutic leader Sidi Amar Ben Ahmed whose mausoleum lies facing the sea.[3] Originally settled in Mazagran near the city of Mostaganem, the Ibeṭṭiwen and Battiwa the bey of Mascara gave them coastal territory a little further westScript error: No such module "Unsubst". in 1784. Under French occupation, the Battiwa took refuge in Mazagran again.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Most of them were given back their land by the authorities.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".[4] Today only elders can still really speak the tribe language.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".[5]
When the Anglo-Americans invaded Algeria in November 1941 (Operation Torch), the American troops who captured Oran landed at Beach Z,[6] which was the strip of coastline between Arzew and Bethioua.[7]
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"..
- ↑ Emile Janier Les Bettiwa de Saint Leu - Revue Africaine 1945, pp. 238Template:Ndash241, Lire en ligneScript error: No such module "Category handler".[<span title="Script error: No such module "string".">usurped]Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Colin Smith, England's Last War Against France: Fighting Vichy 1940-1942, ISBN, 0297852183, 2009
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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