Belushya Guba

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Script error: No such module "about". Template:Infobox Russian urban-type settlement Belushya Guba (Template:Langx; Script error: No such module "IPA"., Template:Lit), also known as Belushye (Script error: No such module "Lang".),[1] is a work settlement and the administrative center of Novaya Zemlya District of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Gusinaya Zemlya peninsula of the Yuzhny Island of the Novaya Zemlya arctic archipelago.[2] Its population was reported as Template:Ru-census2010 a decline of more than 20% from Template:Replace (2002 Census).[3] It is the largest settlement on the island, and is the main permanent settlement of the island territory of Novaya Zemlya.<templatestyles src="Module:Historical populations/styles.css"/>Script error: No such module "Historical populations". A large proportion of its population is made up of military personnel associated with the nuclear test sites located on the island. About Script error: No such module "convert". northeast of Belushya Guba is the settlement of Rogachevo, the second largest in the archipelago, along with the Rogachevo air base.

The whole Novaya Zemlya archipelago, including Belushya Guba, is an area of restricted access (formally, as part of border security zone), and a special permit is needed to visit.

History

Upon visiting Novaya Zemlya in 1894, Arkhangelsk Governor Template:Interlanguage link multi decided to create a new encampment. In 1896, an expedition conducted a survey of the west coast of Novaya Zemlya. The following year Belushya Guba was founded.[4]

During World War II, Belushya Guba was a focus of both German and Soviet attention. German U-boats used Belushya Bay as a resting area in 1941. The German military contemplated establishing a weather station or other land-based facilities nearby, but increasing Soviet military presence in the area prevented that. On July 27, 1942, Template:GS shelled Malye Karmakuly near Belushia Bay, damaging seaplanes, living huts, and storage huts. U-601 torpedoed and sank the Soviet merchant ship Krestianin, carrying coal, as it neared Belushya Guba. On August 19, Template:GS tried to enter Belushya Guba, but was detected and attacked by a motor boat and two Soviet minesweepers. U-209 departed when a Soviet coast guard ship and icebreaker SKR-18 (formerly Fedor Litke) approached from Belushuya Guba. Belushya Guba was used as an anchorage by Russian convoys between the Barents Sea and Archangelsk. A Soviet naval base was established in Belushya Guba in 1944.[5]

The settlement started to flourish in 1954, when Novaya Zemlya became established as a nuclear test site. In 1956, the whole indigenous population of Novaya Zemlya, mostly Nenets, were evicted from the islands and then resettled.

The settlement gained international attention when it was overrun by polar bears in 2019[6]

Geography and climate

File:Belushya guba novaya zemlya russia nasa photo.jpg
NASA space shot, with Belushya Guba circled at bottom center, and the military base with its airport at upper center

Belushya Guba is located on a deep bay with the same name, within a geographical area that is influenced by warm ocean currents. The natural conditions allow year-round sailing of all types and classes of vessels with minimal cost for icebreaking support. The bay is well protected from high surf and drifting ice.[7]

The temperature in Belushya Guba ranges from Script error: No such module "convert". to Script error: No such module "convert". in the summer months.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

The area of the southern island of Novaya Zemlya experiences from eight to ten cyclones per month during the winter, with the main direction of the cyclone trajectories from the west and south-west to north-east.[8] The "midnight sun" is above the horizon from 10 May to 3 August (86 days), and the period of continuous night is slightly shorter at 66 days. The polar night runs from 19 November to 23 January.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Mezhdusharsky Island is nearby the settlement.

Economy

Belushya Guba has schools, apartment buildings, three hotels, a cashpoint ATM, a television station, a 200-bed Naval Hospital, a polyclinic, military officers' center with a base sailor's club, 25-meter pool, recreational center, and an Orthodox church.[9]

Transportation

There are two regular flights weekly from Arkhangelsk to Rogachevo Airport, located Script error: No such module "convert". north-east of the settlement (in the time-tables, Rogachyovo is designated as Amderma-2, though the settlement of Amderma is not even located on Novaya Zemlya).[10] There is no regular passenger navigation.

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  3. ↑ Template:Ru-pop-ref
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Каким должен быть морской порт?
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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