Bell 412

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The Bell 412 is a utility helicopter of the Huey family manufactured by Bell Helicopter. It is a development of the Bell 212, with the major difference being the composite four-blade main rotor. It is a twin-turbine helicopter that has been popular on the civilian and military markets, and major users include Canada, Italy, and Japan. Several hundred have been produced since its introduction in 1979, and several iterations of upgrades and variations have been produced, such as with upgraded cockpit electronics.

It has been manufactured under license in Italy as the Agusta-Bell AB412, in Indonesia by Indonesian Aerospace, and in Japan by Subaru. The Canadian Bell 412 was produced in Canada, but it was already the location of the main Bell Textron factory.

Design and development

File:RCAF Bell CH-146 5D3 4156 (43790685721).jpg
Bell 412CF looking forward from the tail
File:Griffin Helicopter Practices Approach to RAF Shawbury MOD 45151083.jpg
Bell 412 on approach

Development began in the late 1970s, with two Bell 212s being converted into 412 prototypes. An advanced four-blade main rotor with a smaller diameter replaced the 212's two-blade rotor. A Bell 412 prototype first flew in August 1979. The initial model was certified in January 1981, with deliveries commencing in the same month.[1] The 412 model was followed by the 412SP (Special Performance) version, which featured a larger fuel capacity, a higher takeoff weight, and optional seating arrangements. In 1991, the 412HP (High Performance) variant with improved transmission replaced the SP version in production.[1]

File:H-51 bell 412 helicopter (chile air force).jpg
A Chilean Air Force Bell 412

In the early 2000s, Bell offered the Bell 412EP as its Bell 412 LUH entrant in the U.S. Army Light Utility Helicopter program, where it competed against several other light helicopters for an order.[2]

The current production version, 412EP (Enhanced Performance), is equipped with a dual digital automatic flight control system. In 2013, Bell introduced the 412EPI, which includes an electronic (digital) engine control for a PT6T-9 engine upgrade and a glass cockpit display system similar to the Bell model 429. Also featured is a Garmin touchscreen navigation system, and the BLR Strake and Fast Fin upgrades for improved hover performance.[3] Over 700 Model 412s (including 260 by AgustaWestland) have been built.[4]Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

The helicopter is powered by the Pratt and Whitney Canada twin-pack power plant with two turboshaft engines and has achieved the lowest in-flight shut-down rate of aircraft turboshaft engines. If one engine is shut down, a single engine can produce emergency power for 30 minutes.[5]

The aircraft has been produced in Montreal, Canada, in Italy under license by Agusta, in Indonesia by Indonesian Aerospace, and also in Japan by Subaru (Fuji Heavy Industries).[6] The Bell 412 was also initially manufactured in Texas, USA.[7]

The emergency medical configuration can carry 6 patients/wounded and two attendants, or two stretchers and up to four attendants. [5]

By 2022, over 1300 Bell 412 helicopters had been delivered.[8]

Variants

File:Bell 412HP, Heli Austria AN2029793.jpg
Bell 412HP of Heli Austria
File:Bell 412EP Griffin HT1 02 (14704891381).jpg
RAF Griffin HT1
Bell 412
Standard Model with P&WC PT6T-3B
<templatestyles src="Template
Visible anchor/styles.css" />Bell 412SP: Special Performance version with P&WC PT6T-3BF engines
Bell 412HP
High performance version with P&WC PT6T-3BG or -3D engines
Bell 412CF (CH-146 Griffon)
100 custom-built utility transport helicopters for the Canadian Forces, based on 412EP and designated by Bell as 412CF
<templatestyles src="Template
Visible anchor/styles.css" />Bell 412EP: Enhanced performance version with P&WC PT6T-3DF engines
Bell 412EPI
Glass cockpit version with P&WC PT6T-9 electronic controlled engines
Bell Griffin HT1
Advanced training helicopter based on the Bell 412EP, operated by the Royal Air Force (RAF) between 1997 and 2018 as an advanced flying trainer. Operated by the Defence Helicopter Flying School at RAF Shawbury and the Search and Rescue Training Unit at RAF Valley.
Bell Griffin HAR2
Search and Rescue helicopter based on the Bell 412EP, operated by No. 84 Squadron RAF between 2003 and 2023 at RAF Akrotiri in Cyprus.[9]
Agusta-Bell AB 412
Civil utility transport version, built under license in Italy by Agusta.[10]
Agusta-Bell AB 412EP
Italian-built version of the Bell 412EP.[10]
Agusta-Bell AB 412 Grifone
Military utility transport version, built under licence in Italy by Agusta.[10]
File:Prototype of the UH-X ahead of her first flight.png
UH-X prototype
Agusta-Bell AB 412 CRESO
Italian-built version, fitted with a ground surveillance radar.
Bell 412 LUH
Entry for the U.S. Army Light Utility Helicopter (LUH) program. Lost to the EC145 entry (see UH-72 Lakota)[11]
NBell 412
Indonesian Aerospace's (formerly IPTN) licensed product of Bell 412.[10]
Subaru-Bell UH-2 (Formerly known as UH-X)
Modified version of the Bell 412 EPI; 150 on order to meet the JGSDF's requirement for a UH-1J replacement.[12][13][14][15]
Subaru-Bell 412EPX
Commercial version of UH-X.[16][17]
H.1B
(Template:Langx) Royal Thai Armed Forces designation for the Bell 412.[18]
H.1C
(Template:Langx) Royal Thai Armed Forces designation for the Bell 412(HP)SP.[18]
H.1E
(Template:Langx) Royal Thai Armed Forces designation for the Bell 412EP.[18]
H.LL.2
(Template:Langx) Royal Thai Navy designation for the Bell 412.[18]

Operators

The Bell 412 is used by private and commercial operators. It is particularly popular in the oil industries, military, law enforcement, and for medevac use. Around 2022-23, the unit cost for a 412EPX model was between US$14.5 million[19] and US$16 million.[20]

Military operators

File:Bell 412 Chilean Air Force (FACh).JPG
Chilean Air Force Bell 412
File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria
Algerian Air Force[21]
File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina
Argentine Air Force[21]
File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia
Australian Army : 2 under lease at Army Aviation Training Center.[22]
File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani Air Force[21]
File:Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain
Bahraini Air Force[21]
File:Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana
Botswana Defence Force[21]
File:Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon
Cameroon Air Force[21]
File:CH-146 Griffon Helicopter.jpg
Canadian CH-146 Griffon
File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
Royal Canadian Air Force
3 Canadian Forces Flying Training School (3e École de pilotage des Forces canadiennes)
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile
Chilean Air Force[21]
File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia
Colombian Navy[21]
File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus
Cypriot National Guard[23]
File:Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador
Air Force of El Salvador[21]
File:Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea
Eritrean Air Force[21]
File:Agusta-Bell AB-412 Griffon, Italy - Army (canted).jpg
Agusta-Bell AB-412 of the Italian Army
File:Agusta-Bell AB-412 Griffon, Italy - Army JP6943483.jpg
AB-412 cockpit
File:Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana
Ghana Air Force[21]
File:Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala
Guatemalan Air Force[21]
File:Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana
Guyana Defence Force[21]
File:Flag of Honduras (2022-).svg Honduras
Honduran Air Force[21]
File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia
Indonesian Army[21]
Indonesian Navy[21]
File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy
Italian Army[21]
File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq
412M on order.[24]
File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica
Jamaica Defence Force[21]
File:JGSDF UH-2 (45152) right front view at Camp Akeno November 4, 2023 01.jpg
JGSDF UH-2 in November 2023 at Camp Akeno, Japan
File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan
Japan Ground Self Defence Force[21]
File:Flag of Lesotho.svg Lesotho
Lesotho Defence Force[21]
File:Bell 412EP, Mexico - Air Force AN2158278.jpg
Mexican Air Force Bell 412EP, 2012
File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico
Mexican Air Force[21]
File:Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro
Montenegrin Air Force[25]
File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco
Moroccan Navy[21]
File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria
Nigerian Air Force[21]
File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway
Royal Norwegian Air Force[21]
File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan
Pakistan Air Force[21]
Pakistan Army[21]
File:Slovenian Air Force Bell 412 (cropped).jpg
A Slovenian Air Force Bell 412
File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama
National Aeronaval Service of Panama[21]
File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru
Peruvian Air Force[21]
Peruvian Navy[21]
File:Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines
Philippine Air Force - 7 Units Active out of 13[26] in Inventory in 2024. [27]
File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia
Royal Saudi Air Force[21]
File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia
Slovenian Air Force[21]
File:Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia
Somali Air Force[28]
File:2012년 6월 공군 6전대 헬기(1) (7982282593).jpg
Two Bell 412 of the Republic of Korea Air Force
File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea
South Korean Air Force[21]
File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Air Force[21]
File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania
Tanzania People's Defense Force[21]
File:Bell 412 of the Royal Thai Air Force in 2013.jpg
A 412 of the Royal Thai Air Force
File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand
Royal Thai Air Force[21]
File:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia
Tunisian Air Force[21]
File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey
Turkish Coast Guard[29]
File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates Air Force[21]
File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay
Uruguayan Navy[21]
File:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela
Venezuelan Army[21]
Venezuelan Navy[21]
File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe
Air Force of Zimbabwe[21]

Government operators

File:NSW RFS (VH-VJD) Bell 412EP at Wagga Wagga Airport (4).jpg
New South Wales Bell 412EP at Wagga Wagga with the Rural Fire Service
File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia
Department of Fire and Emergency Services[30][31]
Emergency Management Queensland[32]
New South Wales Police Force[33]
New South Wales Rural Fire Service[34]
SAAS MedSTAR Retrieval Service[35]
File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil
Federal Police[36]
File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
Canadian Coast Guard[37][38]
National Research Council[39]
Surete du Quebec[40]
File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia
National Police of Colombia[41]
File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia
Croatian Ministry of Interior[42]
File:Bell412 OH HVD.jpg
A Finnish Border Guard Agusta Bell AB-412
File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic
Police of the Czech Republic[43]
File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland
Finnish Border Guard[44]
File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia
Indonesian National Police[45]
File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran
Iranian Red Crescent Society[46]
File:Agusta-Bell AB-412HP, Italy - Guardia di Finanza (framed).jpg
An Italian Guardia di Finanza Agusta Bell AB-412
File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy
Guardia di Finanza[47]Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
State Forestry Corps[48]
File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan
Japan Coast Guard[49]
Tokyo Metropolitan Police[50]
File:952 Bell 412 Korean National Police (7595903284).jpg
South Korean National Police Bell 412
File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea
Coast Guard[51][52]
File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia
Slovenian National Police[53]
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
Chicago Fire Department[54]
Delaware State Police[55]
Los Angeles Police Department[56]
Los Angeles County Fire Department[57]
Miami-Dade County Fire Department[58]
New York Police Department[59]
Orange County Fire Authority[60]
San Diego Fire Department[61]
United States Park Police[62]
Ventura County Fire Department[63]
Virginia State Police[64]

Former

File:LACoFD Air 18.jpg
An LA County Fire Dept. 412 sits atop a helipad in the mountains in the Angeles National Forest.
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands
Royal Netherlands Air Force. AB412 helicopters retired from SAR duties in 2015.[65]
File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland
Polish Air Force, 1 412HP used 1993–2011[66]
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
Los Angeles Fire Department[67]
File:Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda
Uganda Air Force[68]
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
Royal Air Force

Incidents and accidents

Specifications (412EP)

File:Bell 412 Line Drawing.svg
File:Bell 412 transmission and head.jpg
Rotor head and transmission of a Bell 412

Template:Aircraft specs

See also

Related development

Related lists

References

Citations

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  1. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Bell/Agusta Bell 412 – Medium Transport Helicopter, USA/Italy Script error: No such module "webarchive"., Aerospace-Technology.com
  5. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ a b c d Model 212 Twin Huey: USN-USMC UH-1N / Model 412Template:Category handler[<span title="Script error: No such module "string".">usurped]Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".. Vectorsite.net, 1 December 2007.
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ "Foreign firms bid for $2 billion chopper deal" Script error: No such module "webarchive".. The Japan Times/Reuters, Accessed 10 October 2014.
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Thompson, Paul Police Air Units Script error: No such module "webarchive". J-HangarSpace Retrieved February 22, 2017
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Bell 412 opuścił Okęcie. Template:In lang
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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Sources

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  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Hoyle, Craig. "World Air Forces Directory". Flight International, Vol. 180, No. 5321, 13–19 December 2011. pp. 26–52.

External links

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Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Huey family Template:Fuji aircraft Template:Indonesian Aerospace aircraft Template:Italian military aircraft Template:Italian Army helicopter designations Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Thai helicopter designations Template:JSDF aircraft designations

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