Beechcraft Duke
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The Beechcraft 60 Duke is an American-built twin-engine, piston-driven fixed-wing aircraft designed and produced by Beechcraft. The aircraft has retractable tricycle landing gear and a pressurized cabin. The engines are turbocharged, which also pressurize the cabin with bleed air.
Design
Development of the Beechcraft 60 began in early 1965, which was designed to fill the gap between the Beechcraft Baron and the Beechcraft Queen Air. On December 29, 1966, the prototype made its first flight.[1] On February 1, 1968, the FAA issued the type certificate.[1][2] Distribution to customers began in July 1968. The passenger cabin is fitted with club seating and entry is by means of a port-side airstair entry door in the rear fuselage.[3]
The Beechcraft A60, which came onto the market in 1970, represented an advancement over the Baron, with an improved pressurized cabin utilizing advanced bonded honeycomb construction, lighter and more efficient turbochargers, and improved elevators. The last variant, the B60, was introduced in 1974. The interior arrangement was renewed and the engine efficiency again increased by improved turbochargers.[4] The Beechcraft 60 was, despite its very good performance, only a moderate seller, principally because the complicated technology demanded a high expenditure on maintenance. Production was stopped in 1983.[5]
Most of the Duke B-60s still flying have retained their original equipment. Electro-mechanical systems, which were highly advanced when the aircraft was introduced, were superseded in other aircraft with simpler I/C controlled mechanical parts. The aircraft design uses turbocharged Lycoming TIO541-B4 engines that develop Script error: No such module "convert". each. Other systems, parts, and FAA-certified technicians are increasingly difficult to locate. Normally, pilots figure Script error: No such module "convert"., plus another Script error: No such module "convert". for each takeoff and climb as typical fuel consumption for cross-country planning. Owners compare the Beechcraft B60 to classic sports cars—noting that they do not fly Dukes to economize.[6]
Modifications
Some Dukes have been modified by Rocket Engineering of Spokane, Washington, replacing the Lycoming piston engines with Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-21 or -35 turboprops. Called the Royal Turbine Duke conversion,[7] the modification increases fuel capacity by Script error: No such module "convert". and the maximum useful load by Script error: No such module "convert".. The take-off length required is shortened by over Script error: No such module "convert". to only Script error: No such module "convert". and the landing distance is reduced by over Script error: No such module "convert". to only Script error: No such module "convert".. The maximum rate of climb is increased from Script error: No such module "convert"., reducing the time to climb to Script error: No such module "convert". from 25 to 9 minutes. The cruise speed is increased to Script error: No such module "convert". at Script error: No such module "convert".. The modification does have some disadvantages as it increases fuel burn from Script error: No such module "convert". and lowers the certified ceiling from Script error: No such module "convert"..[8][9] The supplemental type certificate was issued on May 12, 2006.[10]
Operational history
The Duke was purchased by corporate and private pilot owners. Most were registered in the United States but examples were exported to many countries including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Croatia, Finland, France, Germany, Honduras, Iceland, Serbia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, South Africa and the United Kingdom. One Duke was flown by the Jamaica Defense Force. Many remain in service in the early twenty-first century.
In reviewing the aircraft in 2008, Rick Durden of AVweb stated,[11] Template:Quote
Production figures
- Beechcraft 60 : 125
- Beechcraft A60 : 121
- Beechcraft B60: 350
Operators
Military operators
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- Jamaica Defence Force[15]
Specifications (B60)
See also
Related development
Notes
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- ↑ a b Taylor 1976, p.216.
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- ↑ Simpson, 2001, p. 85
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- ↑ Simpson, 2005, p. 50
- ↑ Pelletier 1995, p. 141
- ↑ Wheeler Flight International August 4, 1979, p. 362.
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Bibliography
- Donald, David (editor). The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Leicesrer, UK:Blitz Editions, 1997. Template:ISBN.
- Pelletier, A. J. Beech Aircraft and their Predecessors. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1995. Template:ISBN.
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- Simpson, Rod. Airlife's World Aircraft. Airlife Publishing Ltd, Shrewsbury, England, 2001. Template:ISBN.
- Simpson, Rod. The General Aviation Handbook. Midland Publishing, Hinckley, England, 2005. Template:ISBN.
- Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1976–77. London:Jane's Yearbooks, 1976. Template:ISBN.
- Wheeler, Barry C. "World's Air Forces 1979". Flight International, August 4, 1979. Vol. 116, No. 3672. pp. 333–386.