Basilinna

File:Athens Acropolis Theatre of Dionysus 10.jpg

The Basilinna with Dionysus and Tyche in the Bema of Phaidros, 3rd century, Athens Greece.

The basilinna (Template:Langx) or basilissa (Template:Langx), both titles meaning "queen", was a ceremonial position in the religion of ancient Athens, held by the wife of the archon basileus. The role dated to the time when Athens was ruled by kings, and their wives acted as priestesses (Hiereiai).Template:Sfn The duties of the basilinna are described in the pseudo-Demosthenic speech Against Neaira,Template:Sfn which is the main source of evidence about the position.Template:Sfn

The laws which set out the qualifications for a basilinna were inscribed on a stele which stood in the sanctuary of Dionysus at Limnai. She was expected to be of Athenian birth and not previously married,Template:Sfn though Noel Robertson argues that these requirements may have been ignored as inconvenient.Template:Sfn

The most important duty of the basilinna appears to have been taking part in a sacred ritual marriage to the god Dionysus as part of the Anthesteria. This ceremony seems to have taken place at the Boukoleion, near the Prytaneion.Template:Sfn Most scholars consider that this would have happened on the second day of the festival ("Choes").Template:Sfn However, Robertson suggests that it in fact happened on the first day of the festival ("Pithoigia").Template:Sfn Ludwig Deubner has proposed a full reconstruction of the ceremony, in which Dionysus was taken in a procession to the sanctuary at Limnai and married to the basilinna; both the basilinna and Dionysus were then taken in a wedding procession to the Boukoleion, where the marriage was consummated, with the archon basileus playing the part of Dionysus.Template:Sfn

The basilinna was also responsible for administering an oath to the gerarai, women priests apparently appointed by the archon basileus.Template:Sfn This took place on the second day of the Anthesteria, and Robertson argues that it must have taken place after the wedding.Template:Sfn

Further reading

• Otto, Walter F. Dionysus, Myth and Cult. Spring Publications (1989). Template:ISBN

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