Barclaya
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox Barclaya is a genus of eight species of flowering plants of the family Nymphaeaceae.[1] Barclaya are aquatic plants native to tropical Asia. The genus was named in honour of the American-born English brewer and patron of science Robert Barclay.[2][3]
Description
Vegetative characteristics
Its species are perennial,[4] aquatic,[5] rhizomatous herbs[4] with slender, horizontal,[6][7] villous-pubescent,[6] creeping or tuberous, often stoloniferous rhizomes.[4] The petiolate leaves are mostly submerged[6][4] and do not float on the water surface.[4] The linear,[7] oblong, or suborbicular lamina[6] with a cordate base[7] has an entire margin.[6]
Generative characteristics
The solitary,[3][4] pedunculate, sumberged or emerged, bisexual, often cleistogamous flowers[6] have 4–5 hypogynous outer tepals,[4][8] and 8–20 inner tepals,[6] which are basally fused to a tube.[6][4][8] The gynoecium consists of 7–12 fused carpels[4] with curved stigmatic appendages.[6] The globular, irregularly dehiscent 1.0–1.5(–2.0) cm wide fruit,[4] which is enclosed in persistent sepals and petals,[6] bears globose,[3] echinate seeds.[4]
Taxonomy
Publication
The genus Barclaya Wall. was first published by Nathaniel Wallich in 1827[1] with Barclaya longifolia Wall.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". as the type species.[4] Though Hydrostemma is a name that is older than the name Barclaya, having been published 6 months earlier, the name Barclaya has been "conserved" as it was deemed being much better known than Hydrostemma.[9]
Species
| Flower | Species | Distribution |
|---|---|---|
| Barclaya hirta (Kurz ex Teijsm. & Binn.) Miq.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[4] | Indonesia, Sumatera[4] | |
| Barclaya kunstleri (King) Ridl.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[4] | Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore[4] | |
| File:Barclaya longifolia in Thailand.jpg | Barclaya longifolia Wall.[1] | India, Andaman Islands, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Peninsular Malaysia[4] |
| Barclaya motleyi Hook.f.[1] | Thailand , peninsular Malaysia, Sumatera, Riau Islands, Sarawak, Kalimantan, Papua, and Papua New Guinea[4] | |
| Barclaya panchorensis Komala[1] | Malaya Peninsula[10] | |
| Barclaya rotundifolia M.Hotta[1] | Sarawak, Johore, Malaysia[11] | |
| Barclaya rugosa Sofiman Othman & N.Jacobsen[1] | Malaya Peninsula[12] | |
| Barclaya wellyi Wongso, Ipor & N.Jacobsen[1] | Sumatra[13] |
Rejected classification
The separate family Barclayaceae H.L.Li was published in 1955.[14] It has been believed to be separate, due to the extended perianth tube (combined sepals and petals) arising from the top of the ovary and by stamens that are joined basally. However, morphological and genetic studies support the position of Barclaya in the family Nymphaeaceae.[15] A separate order Barclayales Doweld was proposed in 2001.[16][17]
The accepted placement of Barclaya is within the family Nymphaeaceae of the order Nymphaeales.[18]
Cytology
The diploid chromosome count is 2n = 36.[4]
Habitat
Within tropical rainforests, Barclaya develops alongside streams or at their fringes. The escalating deforestation across Southeast Asia is causing the habitats to become clouded, endangering Barclaya.[19]
Conservation
The IUCN conservation status of Barclaya longifolia is least concern (LC).[20] The IUCN conservation status of Barclaya motleyi is data deficient (DD).[21]
Use
In Laos, Barclaya longifolia is used for its edible leaves.[22]
Cultivation
Barclaya longifolia is a popular aquarium plant.[23][9][24] Under high light conditions the attractive, upright foliage displays green colouration. Under lower light conditions brownish foliage is produced.[25] It easily sets seed in cultivation, if pollen is deposited on the stigma.[26]
References
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- ↑ Watson, L., & Dallwitz, M. J. (n.d.). Barclayaceae (Endl.) Li. The Families of Angiosperms. Retrieved December 6, 2024, from https://www.delta-intkey.com/angio/www/barclaya.htm
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Forest Herbarium & Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation. (n.d.). Barclaya Wall. Flora of Thailand. Retrieved December 6, 2024, from https://botany.dnp.go.th/eflora/floragenus.html?factsheet=Barclaya
- ↑ a b c Cook, C. D. K. (1974). Water Plants of the World: A Manual for the Identification of the Genera of Freshwater Macrophytes. p. 335. Niederlande: Junk.
- ↑ a b Warner, K. A., Rudall, P. J., & Frohlich, M. W. (2008). Differentiation of Perianth Organs in Nymphaeales. Taxon, 57(4), 1096–1109. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27756767
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- ↑ Vidal, J. (1964). Les Plantes utiles du Laos (suite). Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée, 11(1), 18-50.
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External links
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