Baleares-class frigate

Baleares during the military exercise Ocean Venture 1981

The Baleares class were a group of five frigates built for the Spanish Navy in the late 1960s and 1970s. The ships were a modified version of the American s. The key differences are the replacement of helicopter facilities by a medium-range surface-to-air missile system and associated radars. Constructed between 1968 and 1976, the Baleares class began entering service in 1973 and formed the 31 Escort Squadron, based at Ferrol. The five ships were upgraded several times during their service lives. The ships were retired beginning in the mid-2000s and replaced by the s on a one-to-one basis.

Background

File:Knox-class frigate drawing 1974.png

Drawing of a Knox-class frigate as built

In the 1960s, Spain sought to update its fleet of warships. The government entered into negotiations with the United Kingdom for the acquisition of four s. However, the negotiations failed as questions were raised in the United Kingdom over dealing with the unpopular Spanish government.Template:Sfn Instead, the Spanish government turned to the United States and on 17 November 1964 an agreement acquire five s was signed.Template:Sfn On 31 March 1966, a technical support agreement was reached between the two nations.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn As part of the agreement, the hulls and machinery were to be constructed in Spain at Ferrol while the weapons and sensors would come from the United States.Template:Sfn The superstructures were to be built at Alicante, Spain and the boilers, distilling machinery and propellers at Cádiz.Template:Sfn

Design and description

File:Andalucia F72.jpg

Andalucia

Though copies of the American Knox class, the Baleares class was a modified design. The Spanish frigates removed the aft flight deck and helicopters along with the short-range Sea Sparrow missile defence system and replaced them with the medium-range Standard surface-to-air missile (SAM) system.Template:Sfn The frigates of the Baleares class had an initial standard displacement of and a full load displacement of Template:Cvt. They measured long between perpendiculars and Template:Cvt long overall with a beam of and a maximum draught of Template:Cvt over the sonar.Template:Sfn The ships would go through a series of modifications throughout their service, with their standard displacement increasing to Template:Cvt and their draught increasing to Template:Cvt over the sonar.Template:SfnTemplate:Efn

The Baleares class were equipped with one Westinghouse geared turbine turning one shaft creating . It was powered by steam from by two Combustion Engineering V2M boilers. The boilers had a working pressure of Template:Cvt at Template:Cvt. This gave the Baleares class a maximum speed of .Template:Sfn They had capacity for of fuel oilTemplate:Sfn giving them a range of at .Template:Sfn They had a complement of 256 including 15 officers.Template:Sfn

File:USS Scott (DDG-995) with spanish warships.jpg

Battle group formed by the aircraft carrier (centre), Marqués de la Ensenada (top), (second from bottom), (bottom) and (second from top) in 1992

The frigates were initially armed with one /54-calibre Mk 42 naval gun,Template:Efn the Standard SM1-MR SAM system with a Mark 22 launcher and 16 missiles and the Mark 112 octuple RUR-5 ASROC anti-submarine warfare system using Mark 46 torpedoes with eight reloads. The frigates also had four torpedo tubes fitted internally into the port and starboard of the aft superstructure and inclined at 45° for Mark 44 torpedoes and two torpedo tubes fitted internally at the stern for Mark 37 torpedoes.Template:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn The ships stored 41 torpedoes total.Template:Sfn The Baleares class underwent a two stage mid-life modernisation between 1985 and 1991 which involved the addition of four Harpoon surface-to-surface missiles in the first stage and two Meroka CIWS gun systems in the second stage. They also had their stern torpedo tubes removed to accommodate the variable depth sonar installation.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

The frigates initially fitted AN/SPS-52A air search and AN/SPG-51C gun fire control radars along with AN/SQS-23 hull-mounted and AN/SQS-35A variable depth towed sonars.Template:Sfn During the first stage modernisation, the ships were given AN/SPS-10F surface search radar and the AN/SPG-53 Mark 68 gun fire control system.Template:Sfn The ships were also given upgraded fire control where the Mark 74 system used the Mark 73 director and the SPG-51C radar along with the Mark 68 director with the SPG-53 radar to control two Standard missiles simultaneously. The Mark 68 could also be used to control the main gun. Additionally, the frigates received SRN-15A, TACAN, the TRITAN-1 combat data system and NATO Link 11. During the second stage, the Baleares class received the RAN-12L/X air search radar for the Meroka CIWS system and replaced the original SQS-23 sonar with the DE1160LF sonar. They also saw their electronic warfare suite improved with the addition Mark 36 SBROC decoy launchers.Template:Sfn

Ships in class

Baleares class construction dataTemplate:Sfn
Pennant	Name	Builder	Laid down	Launched	Commissioned	Status
F71		Bazan, Ferrol	31 October 1968	20 August 1970	24 September 1973	Decommissioned 2005Template:Sfn
F72			2 July 1969	30 March 1971	23 May 1974	Decommissioned 2006Template:Sfn
F73			20 August 1970	3 November 1971	16 January 1975	Decommissioned 2004Template:Sfn
F74			30 March 1971	13 March 1972	2 December 1975	Decommissioned 2009Template:Sfn
F75			3 November 1971	21 November 1972	10 November 1976	Decommissioned 2006Template:Sfn