Baker Beach
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Baker Beach is a public beach on the peninsula of San Francisco, California, United States. The beach lies on the shore of the Pacific Ocean in the West Side of the city. It is roughly a Template:Cvt long, beginning just south of Golden Gate Point (where the Golden Gate Bridge connects with the peninsula), extending southward toward the Seacliff peninsula, the Palace of the Legion of Honor and the Sutro Baths. The northern section of Baker Beach is "frequented by clothing-optional sunbathers,"[1] and as such it is considered a nude beach.[2][3]
History
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Baker Beach is part of the Presidio, which was a military base from the founding of San Francisco by the Spanish in 1812 until 1997.
In 1904, it was fortified with disappearing gun installations known as Battery Chamberlin, which can still be viewed today.[4]
When the Presidio was decommissioned as a U.S. Army base, it became part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, which is administered by the National Park Service.
The Template:Cvt property was settled by John Henry Baker in the 1850s and was known as Golden Gate Milk Ranch. The property location description varied, but is generally described as being approximately Template:Cvt west of the city on the then Point Lobos Road (now Geary Blvd.)
Baker died in 1863 and his widow, Maria, lost the property to foreclosure in 1879. In 1897, Baker's grandson, Fairfax Henry Wheelan sued[5] to have the title returned to the heirs of John H. Baker, claiming that Baker's widow did not have the legal power to mortgage the property.
From 1986 to 1990, the north end of Baker Beach was the original site of the Burning Man art festival. In 1990, park police allowed participants to raise the traditional large statue but not to set it on fire, since the beach enforces a limit on the size of any campfires. Subsequent Burning Man events have taken place in Black Rock Desert, Nevada.[6]
A fatal shark attack occurred on Baker Beach on May 7, 1959,[7][8][9] when 18-year-old Albert Kogler Jr. was attacked by a great white shark while he was in water Template:Cvt deep.[10] This was the only shark attack recorded on Baker Beach.
Large outcrops of serpentine cliffs occur along the Pacific coast near Baker Beach. When rising from the land surface, serpentine produces a low-calcium, high-magnesium soil that can allow for rare species of plants to develop in the vicinity.[2] This may explain the presence of Hesperolinon congestum (the Marin Dwarf Flax, a threatened plant) in surrounding areas.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
To the north of the beach is Marshall's Beach and was the site of a Japanese Type 93 torpedo embedded in the beach sand in 1946. Historian Mark Felton believes it was fired by Japanese submarine I-15 in 1941, which was sailing near the waters off San Francisco.
See also
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b "Baker Beach" Template:Webarchive ParksConservancy.org. Retrieved 8 May 2009.
- ↑ "Baker Beach - Nude Beach Profile" Template:Webarchive About.com. Retrieved 8 May 2009.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ "The Early Years: Baker Beach" BurningMan.com. Retrieved 8 May 2009.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ "Annotated List of Authenticated Fatal Shark Attacks Along the Pacific Coast of North America 1900 - Present" Template:Webarchive SharkResearchCommittee.com.
- ↑ "Fatal Shark Attacks" SoutheasternOutdoors.com.
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