Bahubali

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "For". Template:Good article Template:Use Indian English Template:Use dmy dates Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Wikidata imageTemplate:Compare image with Wikidata Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists Bahubali (Template:IAST3, Template:Lit) was the son of Rishabhanatha (the first tirthankara of Jainism) and the brother of the chakravartin Bharata. He is a revered figure in Jainism. He is said to have meditated motionless for 12 years in a standing posture (kayotsarga), with climbing plants having grown around his legs. After his 12 years of meditation, he is said to have attained omniscience (kevala jnana).

Bahubali's other names are Kammateshwara and Gommateshwara, the namesake of the Gommateshwara statue dedicated to him.

Legends

The Adipurana, a 9th-century Sanskrit poem, deals with the ten lives of the first tirthankara, Rishabhanatha and his two sons Bharata and Bahubali. It was composed by Jinasena, a Digambara monk.Template:Sfn

Family life

File:भरत-बाहुबली युद्ध.jpg
Depiction of Bharata-Bahubali fight

According to Jain texts, Bahubali was born to Rishabhanatha and Sunanda during the Ikshvaku dynasty in Ayodhya.Template:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn He is said to have excelled in studying medicine, archery, floriculture, and the knowledge of precious gems. Bahubali had a son named Somakirti (also known as Mahabala).Template:Sfn When Rishabhanatha decided to become a monk, he distributed his kingdom among his 100 sons. Bharata was gifted the kingdom of Vinita (Ayodhya) and Bahubali got the kingdom of Asmaka from South India, having Podanapur as its capital.Template:Sfn After winning six divisions of earth in all directions (digvijaya), Bharata proceeded to his capital Ayodhyapuri with a huge army and divine chakra-ratna—spinning, disk-like super weapon with serrated edges.Template:Sfn But the chakra-ratna stopped on its own at the entrance of Ayodhyapuri, signalling to the emperor that his 99 brothers have yet not submitted to his authority.Template:Sfn Bharata's 98 brothers became Jain monks and submitted their kingdoms to him. Bahubali was endowed with the final and superior body of extraordinary sturdiness and strength (vajra-ṛṣabhanārācasaṃhanana) like Bharata.Template:Sfn He hurled open defiance at the chakravartin and challenged him to a fight.Template:Sfn

The ministers on both sides gave the following argument to prevent war; "The brothers themselves, cannot be killed by any means; they are in their last incarnations in transmigration, and possess bodies which no weapon may mortally wound in warfare! Let them fight out the issue by themselves in other ways."Template:Sfn It was then decided that to settle the dispute, three kinds of contests between Bharata and Bahubali would be held. These were eye-fight (staring at each other)(drishti-yuddha), water-fight (jala-yuddha), and wrestling (malla-yuddha). Bahubali won all the three contests over his elder brother, Bharata.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

Renunciation

File:Badami, Höhle 4, Bahubali (1999).jpg
Sculpture depicting Bahubali's meditation in Kayotsarga posture with vines enveloped around his body (Photo: Badami caves)

After the fight, Bahubali was filled with disgust at the world and developed a desire for renunciation. Bahubali abandoned all possessions-kingdom, clothes, ornaments-to become a monk and began meditating with great resolve to attain omniscience (kevala jnana).Template:Sfn

He is said to have meditated motionless in a standing posture (kayotsarga) for a year, during which time climbing plants grew around his legs.Template:Sfn However, he was adamant and continued his practice unmindful of the vines, ants, and dust that enveloped his body. According to the Jain text Ādi purāṇa, on the last day of Bahubali's one year long fast, Bharata came in all humility to Bahubali and worshipped him with veneration and respect. A painful regret that he had been the cause of his elder brother's humiliation had been disturbing Bahubali's meditation; this was dispersed when Bharata worshipped him.[1] Bahubali was then able to destroy the four kinds of inimical karmas, including the knowledge obscuring karma, and he attained omniscience (kevala jnana). He was now revered as an omniscient being (Kevali).Template:Sfn Bahubali finally attained liberation (moksha) at Mount KailashaTemplate:Sfn and became a pure, liberated soul (siddha).Template:Sfn As per texts, he was one of the first Digambara monks to have attained moksha in the present half-cycle of time.(Avasarpiṇī).Template:Sfn

Statues

Karnataka

There are five monolithic statues of Bahubali measuring more than 6 m (20 feet) in height in Karnataka:

Maharashtra

Tamil Nadu

Shravanabelagola

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The monolithic statue of Bahubali at Shravanabelagola, located Script error: No such module "convert". from Bangalore, was carved from a single block of granite. The statue was commissioned by the Ganga dynasty minister and commander Chavundaraya; it is Script error: No such module "convert". tall and is situated above a hill in Shravanabelagola, in the Hassan district of Karnataka. It was built in and around 981 CE and is one of the largest free-standing statues in the world.Template:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn The statue is visible from Script error: No such module "convert". away. Shravanabelagola has remained a centre of pilgrimage (tirtha) for the Jains.[6] The statue is bathed at an interval of every 12 years and this event is celebrated as Mahamastakabhisheka.[7]

Karkala

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

File:Gomateshwara Statue, Karkala.jpg
Bahubali monolith of Karkala

Karkala is known for its Script error: No such module "convert". monolithic statue of Gomateshwara Bahubali, which is believed to have been built around 1432 and is the second-tallest statue in the State.[2]Template:Sfn The statue is built on an elevated platform on top of a rocky hill. It was consecrated on 13 February 1432 by Veera Pandya Bhair Arasa Wodeyar, scion of the Bhair Arasa dynasty, feudatory of the Vijayanagar Ruler.[2][8]

Dharmastala

File:Gomateshwara of Dharmasthala.jpg
Bahubali monolith of Dharmastala

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

A Script error: No such module "convert". high statue with a Script error: No such module "convert". pedestal that weighs about Script error: No such module "convert". is installed at Dharmasthala in Karnataka.[2]

Venur

File:Venur - Bahubali.JPG
Bahubali monolith of Venur

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Venur is a small town in Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka state, situated on the bank of the Gurupura River. Thimmanna Ajila built a Script error: No such module "convert". colossus of Gommateshwara there in 1604.Template:Sfn[2]Template:Sfn The statue at Venur is the shortest of the three Gommateshwaras within Script error: No such module "convert". around it. It stands in an enclosure on the same pattern as that of the statue at Shravanabelagola. The Kings of Ajila Dynasty ruled here from 1154 to 1786.[9]

Gommatagiri

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

File:Statue of Bahubali at Gommatagiri, Mysore.JPG
Bahubali monolith of Gommatagiri, Mysore

Gommatagiri is an acclaimed Jain centre. The 12th-century granite statue of Bahubali, also known as Gomateshwara, is erected atop a Script error: No such module "convert". tall hillock called 'Shravana Gudda'.[3] The Jain centre attracts many pilgrims during the annual Mahamastakabhisheka in September.[3]Template:Sfn The statue at Gommatagiri is very similar to the Script error: No such module "convert". Gommateshwara statue in Shravanabelagola, except that it is smaller. Historians attribute the statue to an early Vijayanagar period.[3]

Kumbhoj

File:BahubaliKumbhoj.JPG
Script error: No such module "convert".-high monolith of Bahubali at Kumbhoj

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

Kumbhoj is the name of an ancient town located in Kolhapur district, Maharashtra. The town is about eight kilometers from Hatkanangale, about twenty seven kilometers from Kolhapur. The famous Jain pilgrimage centre where a Script error: No such module "convert".-high statue of Bahubali is installed is Script error: No such module "convert". from the Kumbhoj city.Template:Sfn

Aretipur

There is a Script error: No such module "convert".-high statue of Bahubali at Aretipur, Near Kokrebellur Village of Madur Taluk Mandya district.[10]

In 2016, the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) excavated another Script error: No such module "convert".-high statue of Bahubali made in the 3rd – 9th centuries in Aretipur.[11] ASI has also excavated an 8th-century statue of Bahubali in Aretipur, Maddur, Mandya, Karnataka, that is Script error: No such module "convert". wide and Script error: No such module "convert". tall.[12]

Uttar Pradesh

Greater Noida

File:Bahubaleshwar.jpg
Bahubaleshwar

The Bahubaleshwar Temple in village Gharbhara has a 23 ft (7.0 m) high Statue of Bahubali in granite.

Built with sustainability in mind, the temple boasts a Miyawaki forest with 5,000 trees, a pond, fountains, mud cottages, and 90% green coverage.

In literature

File:Poetic old Kannada inscription of Bopanna dated 1180 CE at Shravanabelagola.jpg
Poem by Boppanna

The life-story of Bahubali has been discussed in many works.

Sanskrit

Prakrit

  • Gommatesha-thudi, a religious hymn in praise to Bahubali, was composed by Nemichandra in 10th century CE.Template:Sfn
  • Gommatasa-sara, composed by Nemichandra, mentions the story of construction of the Gommateshwara statue by Chavundaraya.Template:Sfn

Kannada

  • A 10th-century Kannada text based on the Sanskrit text was written by the poet Adikavi Pampa.[13][14]
  • Gommata-stuti is a poem dated 1180 was composed by a Jain poet named Boppanna (also known as Sujanottamsa), in praise of Bahubali.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
  • Karkala Gommatesvara Charitre, composed by Chadura Chandrama in 1686 CE, is poem describing the mahamastakabhisheka at Karkala.Template:Sfn

Rajasthani

  • Bharateshwara Bahubali Ghora composed by Vajrasena Suri in 1168, is a poem with 48 verses describing the battle between Bharata and Bahubali.Template:Sfn

Gujarati

Images

Pictured below are some of the images depicting Bahubali that are located at various places in India.

See also

Template:Sister project

References

Citations

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Sources

  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

External links

Template:Jain Gods Template:Jainism topics Template:Authority control

Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Bahubali&oldid=2267339"