Bacidia

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Bacidia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ramalinaceae.

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed by Giuseppe De Notaris in 1846.[1]

Description

Bacidia is characterised by its crustose (crust-like) growth form. The main body (thallus) of these lichens typically appears as a thin layer that can be smooth, cracked, warty, or Template:Lichengloss in texture. The thallus may sometimes develop specialised structures such as soredia (powdery propagules), isidia (small outgrowths), or tiny scale-like features. Its colour usually ranges from whitish to pale green, greenish-grey, pale grey, or fawn.[2]

Like all lichens, Bacidia species represent a symbiotic partnership with algae. Their Template:Lichengloss (algal partner) belongs to the Template:Lichengloss group, featuring spherical or broadly oval-shaped cells. The fungal component produces distinctive reproductive structures called apothecia, which are disc-shaped and typically measure up to 1 mm across (occasionally reaching 1.3 mm). These apothecia sit directly on the thallus surface and can vary from flat to strongly convex in shape and come in various colours.[2]

The internal structure of the apothecia is diagnostic for the genus. They lack a Template:Lichengloss (an outer layer containing algal cells) but possess a Template:Lichengloss – a protective layer composed of tightly packed, thick-walled fungal threads (hyphae) that have narrow internal channels and become gel-like. When stained with iodine, the spore-producing layer (hymenium) turns blue. Within this layer are specialised cells called paraphyses, which are rarely branched and often have swollen tips.[2]

The spore-producing cells (asci) are club-shaped to cylindrical-club-shaped and each contains eight Template:Lichengloss. The spores themselves are colourless and typically long and narrow (Template:Lichengloss to needle-like) or S-shaped, though some species produce more cylindrical to spindle-shaped spores. These spores usually have three or more cross-walls (septa) when mature.[2]

The genus also produces asexual reproductive structures called pycnidia, which can be sunken into or sitting on the thallus surface. These structures produce colourless spores (conidia) of various shapes, which may sometimes have cross-walls. When tested with common chemical spot tests used in lichen identification, the thallus shows no reaction, though the reproductive structures may contain various pigments.[2]

Species

File:Bacidia heterochroa - Flickr - pellaea (1).jpg
Closeup of Bacidia heterochroa
File:Bacidia schweinitzii - Flickr - pellaea (4).jpg
Closeup of Bacidia schweinitzii
  • Bacidia absistens (Nyl.) Arnold (1871)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia albogranulosa Malíček, Palice, Vondrák & Kukwa (2018)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia alutacea (Kremp.) Zahlbr. (1926)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia arceutina (Ach.) Arnold (1869)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia areolata Gerasimova & A.Beck (2018)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[3] – Russian Far East
  • Bacidia beckhausii Körb. (1860)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia biatorina (Körb.) Vain. (1922)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia brigitteae Kantvilas (2017)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[4] – Kangaroo Island
  • Bacidia caesiovirens S.Ekman & Holien (1995)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[5] – western Europe
  • Bacidia campbelliae (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (1926)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia carneoglauca (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (1911)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia chrysocolla Olech, Czarnota & Llop (2009)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia circumspecta (Norrl. & Nyl.) Malme (1895)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia conspicua (C.Knight) Zahlbr. (1926)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia convexa (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (1926)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia cornea (With.) A.Massal. (1852)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia coruscans S.Ekman (2004)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia curvispora Coppins & Fryday (2007)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia cylindrophora (Taylor) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S.Ekman (2018)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia depriestiana Lendemer & Keepers (2021)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia effusa Trevis. (1856)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia ekmaniana R.C.Harris, Ladd & Lendemer (2016)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[6]
  • Bacidia elongata Gerasimova & A.Beck (2018)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[3] – Russian Far East
  • Bacidia entocosmensis (C.Knight) Zahlbr. (1926)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia entodiaphana (C.Knight) Zahlbr. (1926)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia fellhaneroides van den Boom (2018)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia fluminensis (Malme) M.Cáceres & Lücking (2007)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia fratruelis (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (1926)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia friesiana (Hepp) Körb. (1860)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia furfurella (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (1926)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia fuscoviridis (Anzi) Lettau (1912)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia gallowayi Coppins & Fryday (2007)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia granosa (Tuck.) Zahlbr. (1926)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia gullahgeechee Lendemer (2018)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[7] – United States
  • Bacidia heterochroa (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (1926)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia herbarum (Stizenb.) Arnold (1865)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia iberica Aragón & I.Martínez (2003)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[8] – Spain
  • Bacidia johnstoniae Elix (2009)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia kekesiana R.C.Harris (2009)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia killiasii (Hepp) D.Hawksw. (1983)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia kurilensis Gerasimova, A.Ezhkin & A.Beck (2018)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[3] – Russian Far East
  • Bacidia laurocerasi (Delise ex Duby) Zahlbr. (1926)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia leucocarpa C.Knight (1880)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia lithophila Kantvilas (2018)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[9] – Australia
  • Bacidia littoralis Kantvilas (2018)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[9] – Australia
  • Bacidia lividofusca (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (1926)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia lividonigrans (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (1926)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia lobarica Printzen & Tønsberg (2007)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[10] – United States
  • Bacidia maccarthyi Kantvilas (2018)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[9] – Australia
  • Bacidia macquariensis C.W.Dodge (1968)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia macrospora (C.Knight) Zahlbr. (1926)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia marina Fryday (2019)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[11] – Falkland Islands
  • Bacidia microphyllina (Tuck.) Riddle (1923)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia millegrana (Taylor) Zahlbr. (1888)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia modestula (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (1926)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia multicarpa van den Boom (2018)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia multiseptata (Shirley) Zahlbr. (1926)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia pallida Darb. (1912)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia paramedialis M.Brand, Coppins, van den Boom & Sérus. (2009)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia phyllopsoropsis R.C.Harris & Lendemer (2006)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia placodioides Coppins & Fryday (2007)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia polychroa (Th.Fr.) Körb. (1860)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia prasinata (Zahlbr.) Coppins (1983)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia pruinata Fryday (2019)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[11] – Falkland Islands
  • Bacidia punica Llop (2010)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia purpurans R.C.Harris, Ladd & Lendemer (2016)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[6]
  • Bacidia pycnidiata Czarnota & Coppins (2006)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[12] – central Europe
  • Bacidia quadrilocularis Zahlbr. (1926)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia raffii (Stirt.) Zahlbr. (1926)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia rhodocardia (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (1926)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia rosella (Pers.) De Not. (1846)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia rosellizans S.Ekman (2009)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[13]
  • Bacidia rubella (Hoffm.) A.Massal. (1852)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia rudis (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (1926)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia sachalinensis Gerasimova, A.Ezhkin & A.Beck (2018)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[3] – Russian Far East
  • Bacidia schweinitzii (Fr. ex Tuck.) A.Schneid. (1898)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia scopulicola (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (1911)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia septosior (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (1926)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia sigmospora van den Boom & Alvarado (2019)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia sipmanii M.Brand, Coppins, van den Boom & Sérus. (2009)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia sorediata Lendemer & R.C.Harris (2016)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[6]
  • Bacidia squamellosa (S.Ekman) Coppins & Aptroot (2008)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia subareolata A.H.Ekanayaka & K.D.Hyde (2019)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia subproposita (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (1926)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia subturgidula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (1926)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia superbula (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (1926)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia superula (Nyl.) Hellb. (1896)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia surinamensis van den Boom (2018)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia termitophila Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2014)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[14]
  • Bacidia thiersiana Lendemer (2020)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[15] – United States
  • Bacidia thyrrenica Llop (2007)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia vagula (Vain.) Zahlbr. (1926)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia vallatula (Jatta) Kantvilas (1993)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia veneta S.Ekman (2004)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia vinicolor (Stirt.) Zahlbr. (1926)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Bacidia viridescens (A.Massal.) Hellb. (1871)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

References

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  6. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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Gallery

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